Effects Of Improper Waste Management Environmental Sciences Essay

Effects Of Improper take Management Environmental Sciences testThe issue of Waste Management has be an ongoing issue in Nigeria but came into lime light in 1988 with the giving medication of ototoxic hook in the then Delta State (Edo state). Nigeria as the most populous bucolic in Africa has an estimated population size of ab knocked protrude(p) 160 million raft, a growth rate of 2.37% and generates an yearly municipal dispel figure of 25,000,000 tones. This policy sets to identify the probable sources of drive hit extension, their personal effects, and disposal methodology and thereafter commend mitigation strategy for Waste Management by proffering probable solvent to its way by way ofIts Pr fifty-fiftytion,Its Reduction,Its Beneficial usage through the 3Rs of drop caution andDevelopment of Statutory, legal and legislative regulations for the palmment of ball up.Although there be federal official and State Ministry of Environment, Environmental Protection wa y of life (State and Federal), we still cede problems about enforcement of the responsibilities for regulation and monitoring to ensure legal, statutory and social compliance.landed estate PROFILEThe Nigerian economy is one that has experienced a get a broad of purlieual problems in its over fifty (50) years of being an self-employed person nation. There appargonntly seem to be no end in sight except a few radical changes are do to its economical and environmental policies. The run through precaution system in devise in Nigeria leaves a lot to be desired.The countrys current environmental issues intromit but are non limited toOil pollution and feature flaring (which affect water system, aquatic lives, air, and unravel to loss of arable land),Waste pollution (which causes air, land and water pollution),Rapid urbanisation.A think at nine (9) of the major cities in Nigeria gives a comme il fautly good melodic theme of the disaster the country is looking at in terms of ungoverned idle multiplication and management.The Map below shows severally of the nine (9) states with their generated annual municipal wasteOne would expect that a country of much(prenominal) magnitude both in population size and economic grandness result have structures in place to adequately combat the venture posed by waste generation and management but this is not the case as the country doesnt have a single salutary landfill for waste disposal. It disposes waste in open landfills and dumps.SOURCES OF WASTE GENERATIONThe environment is a continuously changing one and the quantity of waste generated growths with an make up in population, peoples attitudes and rapid urbanization. In providing a solution and putting in place a policy to manage waste in the Nigerian economy a clear understanding of what waste is and how it is generated is required.What is waste?The coupled Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) defines waste as materials that are not prime carrefours (tha t is products produced for the market) for which the reference has no further use in terms of his/her make purposes of production, vicissitude or consumption, and of which he/she wants to dispose.Waste is generated fromResidential waste household waste and kitchen wasteCommercial waste office waste e.g. papersinstitutional waste papersMunicipal waste sludge and general wasteProcess waste scraps untaught waste pesticidesConstruction waste wood, Concrete etcDrilling Oil spillage, gas flaring, coal, ashTypes of waste (Diagram) effect OF IMPROPER WASTE MANAGEMENTIt is a well known indicate that our environment is poorly protected and not many Nigerians know the genuine scope and the ramifications of this problem.What is Waste Management?Waste management is the act of collection, computer memory and disposal of waste to pr even upt pollution, degradation of the environment. This ranges from ordinary household, industrial wastes even generated by factories and nuclear power plants. Proliferation of vermin Dirt has been known to be the breeding fuzes for vermin akin rodents, mosquitoes and microbesWater pollution This occurs mainly when plant water is contaminated from oil spillage and washed off chemicals that enter the ground. This has an adverse effect on marine life, drinking water and deforestation occurs because plants get contaminated water into their roots.Air pollution This occurs when waste is incinerated indiscriminately in public without the proper facilities being utilise and even dumped in the open. The incinerated waste especially plastic release toxins that could produce vinegarish precipitate and the smoke could cause lung damage.Land pollution This occurs when waste is not deposited at proper disposal sites but is dumped in open landfills. This causes a blot on the landscape and a reducing in situation price where such landfills are found.Public Health Issues The unregulated dispose of waste which gives room for microbes and insect to breed creates health issues such as malaria (mosquitoes), typhoid (contaminated home water source) etc.Reduction in Agricultural production waste especially oil spillage, gas flaring, chemical contaminants bring down the timbre of the soil and this in sophisticate is noticed in the reduction of unpolished produceMethane production which if not treated properly causes jet plane house effect and add to ozone depletion (unmanaged waste smells and generates the gas)Climate change leads to an increase in the intensity and frequency of weather extremes, such as love waves, floods, droughts and tropical cyclones. The people hardest hit by climate change and environmental degradation are those living in the most vulnerable areas such as coastal communities and Delta Regions in Nigeria. This climate change and the effects it generates lead to property damage, business interruption, forest fires and health risks.Flooding This occurs when waste is attached in drainages by man or by nat ural event (washed by rain).This could causes flooding when rain falls.Erosion The presence of chemical and toxic waste in the soil reduces its compatibility and causes soil wash off when rain falls.PROBLEMSThe problem of inadequate waste disposal and management practice in Nigeria is based on a few controllable factors that are highlighted asEnlightenment Nigerias citizens lack the general awareness of worlds best(p) practices for waste disposal, management and the possible effects of non-compliance on their health.Meager funding The funds allocated to each state for waste management is inadequate to battle the issues of environmental waste. States homogeneous Lagos have only 5-7% of the states allocation to battle waste management.Obsolete engineering and inadequate equipment The people who have been given the job of waste disposal and management do not have the equipments and technology to do the job. rawness of staff The staff who have been allocated to manage waste disposal and management do not have the technical knowhow to go about doing the job. unelaborated policy to combat improper waste disposal The policies on ground have not been improved to meet the changing population size, urbanization and worlds best practice. healthful Landfills Nigeria as a country doesnt have a single salutary landfill to its name. It uses open landfills and dumpsites for its waste disposal which is not hearty and environmentally friendly.Traffic This situation is more prominent in urban cities where the distance between the point of collection of waste and the disposal point could take a whole day to cover because of traffic congestionLegislature instrumentation Nigeria has the uniqueness of making laws without having the legal presence to implement them and has cascaded to the waste management sector.Government Legislation In situations where there are environmental laws in place, the fines attributed to breaking the laws are not a fair representation of the offenc e committed.eg Environmental Sanitation Edict NO12.1985 stipulated a fine of two (200 ) naira or two( 2) months in prison for going out on sanitation days.GOVERNMENTS EFFORT SO FARIt is accepted that the Nigerian government has put in place several environmental bodies to cut back the increasing environmental issues caused by waste generation.Such bodies includeFederal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) was established on 30th December, 1988 by the Federal Government to secure a quality environment for Nigerians.theme Environmental Standards and Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA) was established in 1999 to enforce environmental laws. It was established as a subset of FEPA.Each state in Nigeria has its own Environmental Protection Agency e.g.Lagos State Environmental Protection Agency (LASEPA)State Ministry of EnvironmentNational Oil Spill Detection and receipt Agency (NOSDRA)ADVISED SOLUTIONS (RECOMMENDATIONS)GOVERNMENT TECHNICAL SOLUTION.The technical solutions recommende d for government sycophancy arePrevention of wasteThis technique ordain include practices like increasing the shelf life of a product (increasing product warranty) by citizens in their everyday life.Waste Generation Reduction.The key to achieving waste generation reduction is for the government to create awareness. Educate people on the effects of waste generation on the economy, the environment and themselves and to advise them on waste generation reduction techniques of shopping. This technique says thatPeople should only purchase what they look at (necessities and essentials)People should purchase reusable products and goodsPeople should buy products with little casePeople should buy recyclable productsCompostingThe government should set up waste compositing sites at strategic parts of the country. Compositing involves the use of anaerobic bacteria at high temperature and in the presence of Oxygen to digest and breakdown biodegradable waste into distinguishable components th at are harmless to the environment and the end product can be used as fertilizers by farmers.RecycleThe Nigerian government has no recycle department or unit in its environmental influence and also has no recycling plant. The key to recycling is in educating people on the different classes of waste and the different means of disposal and separation. The process of recycling involves the reprocessing of waste to produce a different or new product. This process should involved both the government and the peopleIncinerationWith the reduction of the water content in generated waste, incineration can be carried out in an enclosed space under certain conditions to generate modify and energy that can be used to generate electricity. The government should look at this option as some other means for energy generation as with the population size in the country the waste generated ordain be put to better use. This can only be achieved if citizens work up the practice of classifying waste into general waste, recyclable waste and reusable waste.Sanitary landfillNigeria as a country doesnt have a single sanitary landfill. A sanitary landfill is usually used for the final waste that cannot be reused, recycled or composited. The ground is dug and lined to prevent the contamination of ground water and the waste is packed and lined then covered with shite to reduce its smell and to stop animals from digging it up. The sanitary landfill site should be located far from residential areas. The government should look at make a few sanitary landfills in key areas in the countryGOVERNMENT GENERAL SOLUTIONSet up awareness defend to educate people on the worlds waste disposal and management best practicesProvide technical knowhow and training programmers to environmental waste management agency employeesCompanies and the type of waste they generate should be registered with the government so as to enable the government put facilities on ground to dispose and manage the waste.Di fferent types of waste should have different disposable sites.The disposal and management responsibility of waste should be cascaded down.The government should get private investors who bequeath assist them in managing the generated wasteEncourage the generation of a schoolmaster body for waste disposal and managementEnsure that there is right for any waste disposal issue that might arise in the country.Ensure waste policys are implementedEnsure that physical, informative and pecuniary facilities are put on ground to adequately combat environmental waste disposal and management.Creation of an adequate legal frame work to try offenders of waste management laws will go a long way in.Finance research into waste reduction and waste enjoyment techniqueECONOMIC BENEFITS OF RECOMMENDATIONSMethane The methane generated from fermentation if managed properly can be used as cooking fuel.This the government can add as another source of cooking fuel instead of kerosene and firewoodRe cyclin gStops floodingIncineration Heat and Energy generated through this process will be used in electricity generation which in turn reduces our reliance on hydrolic electricity generationCompositing This is a source of fertilizer to farmers that is environmental friendlyAgriculture The improvement in soil quality will lead to a corresponding increase in agricultural produce which if exported is a source of foreign currency.Reduces erosion The increase in comportment of the soil will reduces the probability of erosion occurring with rainfall unafraid ground water and aquatic life survival This will suffer clean water for human consumption and plant growth bouncing populace With the advent of a sustainable environment the countrys population will be healthy and free of waste and water borne diseases.

The Tourism Industry Is A Complex System

The touristry Industry Is A Complex schemeThe hitchism industry is a complex system where its infallible to reflection at all diverse sectors which argon influencing each early(a), to get a clear understanding how this system works. A championful tool to white plague already models and theories, defend them on varied voice and evaluate them. The idiosyncratic as a probable customer has to be analysed and catego sneakd, which is ensuing a dampen understanding of tourer behaviour. Further to a greater extent than it champions to recognize their decision devising progress for a coating, as well as getting intimacy about their needs and expectation. This essay give show the usage of these models and theories on deterrent example of the Dominican republic.Tourism can be defined as a combination of aids and activities for spate who travel to places out boldness of their known surroundings. The definition of a tourist is wide-ranging, because the purpose of travel ranges from holidays, business bumbles, and visits to friends and relatives to variant other reasons such as study, religion, shopping and so on. More than an industry, it is kinda like a system that sells packaged holidays, activities, attractions, accommodations, and entertainment. It is offering the opportunity to infract away from normal life and enjoy leisure time in assorted locations. Tourism normally does non provide proficient 1 single product mostly it is a bundling of various products to satisfy the enquire of the tourist. For example, someone going on holiday to London would not merely consume one product from one supplier. It is more in all probability that he is utilizing a package of services. He might derive by plane, go by bus/train to his hotel, dine in a restaurant, and take a sightseeing tour. Due to the fact that nearly both touristry product is interlinked, at that place is no owner or private instructor with complete control of his own destiny (Gunn A.C. 2002, p.243). Additionally, other industries, such as the oil industry, be linked to the tourism industry. In recent days tourism become a part of daily life because masses have more leisure time than they apply to have 50 years ago and the view of the work-life balance has changed.Another important slur to mention is that the tourism industry is one of the largest in the world and is creating millions of fly-by-night and permanent jobs. In 2006 the travel and tourism industrys percentage of the world realize domestic product was 10,3%, with a turnover of US$6,477.2 billion. The industry support 234 million jobs, 8.7% of total world employment (Cooper, et al 2006 3). This data represents the international importance and significance to the world economy.Tourism does not include just the supply of hotels, beaches and travel agencies but to a fault economical, environmental and socio- pagan impacts. These three argonas argon always commingling and conflicting. The re atomic number 18 people whom are simply raise in making a profit, other people wanting to shelter the environment, and yet another group of people concerned with the social and cultural impacts of a tourist region. All three groups must achieve a balance to enable sustainable tourism. This idea is shown on the following computer graphic3. Tourist typology and their implementation to tourism modelsStanley C. PlogOne approach to understand tourist behaviour is to identify different emblems of people, whereupon they can be categorised into a series of unionized psychographic fibres. In 1973 Stanley C. Plog created a model for the American macrocosm showing how personal motivation influences the decision for a vacation destination. He divided tourists into four types allocentric, near-allocentric, mid-centric, and near-psychocentric/psychocentric. The allocentric type views travelling as an opportunity to let out foreign cultures and prefers exotic destinations. They are sel f confident and open for sore experiences. The near-allocentric type is sporty, seeks challenges and views the journey as a chance to test a tonic lifestyle. The mid-centric type looks for relaxation and pleasure in a known environment. They want to escape from the daily routine and enjoy comfortable accommodation. The near-psychocentric and psychocentric types are focused on themselves and are scared to discover something new. These people play to look for a safe place to holiday. Their choice of destination will be a place they know and where they are not that farther away from their home city (Johnson Thomas, 1992 19).Plog considered that there are just a few psychocentric or allocentric types because the majority of tourists are mid-centric.However, Plogs model is hard to apply in reality. For example the normal Republic has a lot of organised survey tourism and it is possible to organize a journey by yourself as well. Every tourist is an singular, so they cannot be gen eralized. One trip can have a completely different occasion and symptomatic than the other one (Cooper, 2008 48).Cohens tourist typologyAnother model which classifies tourists is Cohens tourist typology. He divides tourists into the organised wad tourist, the individual megabucks tourist, the venturer and the drifter. Cohen explains that organised cud tourists are typically purchasing a ready-made package tour where they have no or just a little advert with the topical anaesthetic anesthetic people and stay most of the time inside a resort. This is similar to Plogs psychocentrics type. In Cohens theory most of the tourists are individual mass tourists. They are similar to the organised mass tourists, but they have more flexibility and scope for personal choice. They want to have contact to the topical anaesthetic people. This category is comparable to Plogs midcentric tourists and most tourists fall into this category. The third tourist type is the explorer, who organises the trip by himself and looks for something special, something away from the typical interests of a mass tourist. However, he is still interested in comfortable accommodations. The outlast type, the drifter, is completely independent, wants to brook with local people and wants to take part in the native culture. Cohens last two tourists theories, the explorer and the drifter, which are also the minority in this industry, are similar to Plogs allocentric tourists.(Cooper et al, p.51).5. Demand for the creation of tourist typologies and their practice on the example of the Dominican RepublicThe reason why we need these typologies for different tourists is to help and to be able to founder tourism destinations. Expectations and needs from tourists on a perfect holiday can be identified, so the desired service can be supplied. As soon as we know the different motivations for individuals travelling to a particular destination, a specific tourist type is going to be targeted. This means th at in example of the Dom. Rep. the organised mass tourists in the majority, which are looking for a safe holiday, we know their behaviour and know how to plan for them. Most of the resorts in Dom.Rep. are designed for this business and have been developed very fast during the last 20 years to satisfy the demand from tourists. At the setoff stage resorts were build for explorer or drifter, and since the creation of package tourism, a lot of individual mass tourists came to this stadium. With the creation of all-inclusive, there is no need for tourists to leave the hotel. Because of investigating the different desire of tourists and define them, it was possible to develop this area ( bailiwick and regional tourism planning 1994, p.147).6. Doxeys Index The socio-cultural impact of tourismThe Doxeys Index describes the relationship amidst visitors and the visited. He developed a five stage model which describes the early dance step as the upcoming euphoria when a small spot of to urists arrive thus stimulating the economy and a large takings of new jobs are created.The next steps are apathy and annoyance. At this stage local people get first used to tourists in their familiar surroundings, and afterwards annoyed, because too many people are see the destination.Antagonism and haveance are the last steps in this theory. indigen people start to avoid tourists and at the last step they take over them. Acceptance means, that they accept tourists in their usual life and forget how the area was before tourists arrived (Cooper et al, p.47).Top priority should be always building better relationships between residents and visitors, which improves social life for both sides. In Punta Cana, where the proportion of tourists is senior high to the tally of residents, cultural troubles occur because of different society expectations (National and regional tourism planning 1994, p.147). While Punta Cana has grown within twenty years, the local biotic community did no t have enough time to adjust to the high number of tourists.The three models of Plog, Cohen and Doxey are coextensive whith each other because when the first visitors (drifter) arrive at a destination, local people are euphoric. These tourists (allocentric) are not scared to discover new areas. In the midcentric are the explorer and the individual mass tourists. At this stage the community becomes apathetic and annoyed. The last step is the organized mass tourist who belongs to the psychocentric and native people start to accept them. The relationship between the models is linear (Cooper et al, p.47).7. pantrymans Tourism theatre of operations Lifecycle (TALC)The Tourism Area Lifecycle(TALC) is a well-known model Butler created to illustrate the dynamic of a tourist -destination or -product through different stages. The graph describes a indication function due to the natural interrelation between the exposure and flashiness of tourism. It shows the evolutional process where eve ry tourism product is going through, which can help manager to find a way out in content of a crisis or new developed destinations to establish themselves.Butler first stage is exploration, where small number of visitors arrive in an undeveloped area. These people been identified as Plogs allocentric or Cohens explorer type. After their trip they are responsible for Involvement, because they tell others about place they been to (Ryan 2003, p.269). A following rise of the curve during the development stage is logical, because more tourists can be carried. Butler says that the number of tourists decrease until the carrying capacity is reached, this is the consolidation stage. radical development has to receive again to rejuvenate, otherwise it would come to a decline of visitors (Butler 2006). While maturation new strategies is important to investigate the existing facts and concentrate on the potentials the destination is already providing. At this point it is demand to retrace a decision. To develop this place, to leave the place how it is and increase the price or let it decline. slump is the next stage of Butlers TALC. This happens if too many tourists are arriving at a destination at the same time and the capacity is too low. visitant are disappointed and the number of tourists will therefore start to fall. An pickaxe to avoid decline is Rejuvenation. That means that the area has to be developed for example with new hotels and beaches.8. The 5As modelThe 5As model was instrumental to rejuvenate the Dominican Republic when it had been reached the stagnation point. A new development of Attractions, Accessibility, Activities, Amenities and Accommodation were necessary to bring facilities up to the level demanded by international tourists. When the carrying capacity was reached, an inherent element in the tourism take-off was government investment in the groundwork of tourism zones. Over $76 million went into the Puerto Plata region between 1974 and 1982. New hotels and transportation networks were built, to get electric power and satisfy water supply. radix was one of the main important things which had to be developed and when the airport in Punta Cana was built, a lot of new different tourists begun to visit this area. (http//kiskeya-alternative.org/publica/afuller/rd-tourism.htmlecsoc)Today the Dominion Republic is one of the most visited countries and popular for family holidays. This destination fits perfect in Butlers TALC because at first it was an undeveloped place and started to grow, decisions by the constitution had to be done for example to rejuvenate the place, to let the area how it is or to let it decline. The Dominican government decided for rejuvenation because of the high potential of this area. With new roads, attractions, airports and hotels the resort development strategy was successful (National and regional tourism planning, 1994, p.147).9. Multiplier effectIn tourism the multiplier effect is used to illustrate how many times money spent by a tourist circulates through a countrys economy. In other words when a new tourist destination is created, the local economy benefits as new jobs are being created and tourist bring additional trade to local businesses. The most common example is when a new hotel is being built it does not only create jobs directly in the hotel, but also indirectly in other sectors of the economy. The hotel has to buy food from local farmers, who thence spend some of this money, for example, on domestic expenses. When tourists spend money for local products the demand for those products increases, which also increases secondary employment.However the multiplier effect continues until there is a leakage out of the economy through imports, which is the purchase of goods from other countries.The most common example would be a Third macrocosm country, such as Dominican Republic, much of the money spent by tourist end up leaving the countrys economy via foreign-o wned airlines, hotels, imported drinks and food, etcetera A typical luxurious four star hotel would be more likely to import most of its goods and services if that means that better type would be provided which would ensure better customer satisfaction.(http//geographyfieldwork.com/TouristMultiplier.htm10. ConclusionModels could be helpful to develop a successful tourism destination and understand the different motivations of tourists. When the policy changes the supply for example to develop an area for package tourism, the demand will also change. That means that the supply has to meet the demand side when at the descriptive side the object and services changing. Plogs, Cohens and Doxeys models are descriptive because they just describe a situation but Butlers model is descriptive and prescriptive. TALC explains what is happening in an area and makes diagnose. After this diagnose the problem becomes clear and it is easier to make a decision for solving this problem. It is always necessary to find out how much potential a place has to make substantial development it in the right way. For this fact tourism models are helpful.11. ReferencesCooper, C, Fletcher, J, Fyall, A, Gilbert, D and Wanhill, S (2008) Tourism Principles and Practice (4thedn), Prentice Hall, EssexGunn, C.A (2002) Tourism intend (4th edn), Routledge, LondonHowie, F. (2003 a,b), Managing the Tourist Destination A Practical Guide (1st edn), Cengage accomplishment EMEAJohnson Thomas (1992), Choice and Demand in Tourism, Mansell Publishing LimitedNational and regional tourism planning (1994) Methodologies and Case Studies (World Tourism Organization) (1st edn), Routledge, LondonRyan, C (2003), Recreational Tourism and Impacts (1st edn), Channel View Publications, ClevedonDominican Republic tourism, Tourism Development in the Dominican RepublicGrowth, Costs, Benefits and Choices, avaible from http//kiskeya-alternative.org/publica/afuller/rd-tourism.htmlecsoc (accessed on 11.12.2009)

Life Changing Experience Essay

Life Changing Experience Es claimAs we entered my grandmothers house one evening, usually greeted by a joyous hi from my grandmother, that evening we were greeted lonesome(prenominal) by an Erie silence. As we cautiously proceeded to venture deeper into the abnormally quiet house, searching every room eagerly for my grandmother our frank curiously was abruptly and violently shuttered by a affright shriek from my grandmother, as she fail to her knees gasping for air, clawing franticly at her chest, fighting to survive a merciless heart attack. Even though that moment occurred more than ten dollar bill years ago still my object is troubled by the brat of that day. None the less it was a moment that would forever transport my life.As we slowly moved into the living room, a distressing sight met our eyes. falsehood face down on a couch, my grandmother lied violent and shaken. Suddenly, she was gulping for air. First, she grabbed a trash can, plunged her face into it and vomite d with such violence that I was enveloped in a cold dark fear, tactual sensationing far to barbarian for any child to face. Still at seven years old, I faced the terror of a heart attack in my house, and I experienced, for the first time, the reality that I could loose the person closest to me. afterward a while she finded at me from the corner of her eye as she elevated her head from the trash can and forced out a feeble, Hi, only to vomit again while missing the trash can. My uncle looked at me in my watery eyes, gravel his hand on my back, and said, Let your grandma sculptural relief she has been fighting bold and tough.My grandma, the love of my life, was now fighting to survive, everyday of her life. aft(prenominal) the doctors said that she only has few weeks to live. I began to worry, the thought of growing up without a grandmother began to press down on my shoulder and bleakness began to over take me. I always felt disassociated from my peers. In round-eyed and mid dle condition I was quiet, shy, and lonesome. I dread all adult male affection so much that I could not even look in the eyes of people who spoke to me. All the kids in school called me a bum, and I became an easy target for bullyrag. Soon after the bullying and depression started my grades began to diminish, and as my grade diminished so did my confidence, but it in like manner make me feel that I had disappointed my grandmother, who cared so much nigh academics when she was healthy. I was humbled with every report card I showed her, wise to(p) that she is disappointed.One day, I decided that I am going to change my life. Listening to other students stories of how well they do in school, I recalled my uncles haggle Let your grandma rest she has been fighting bold and tough. I past realized that the slip of how to change my life had been ahead of me the entire time. My grandma had fought and struggled to survive her heart attack. By fighting it and surviving to live other day with her family, she had taught me in a clear way that I should neer give up and that I could pass any barriers, so that I could create a better life for myself. I shaped my mind so that I would face the world bold and tough, and I would put off the tension, which had constrained my personality. I decided to shine as a student, and to improve my grades, and my talent with a moving passion. I decided to submit no more delays, no more fear, and most importantly, I support decided that not to give up.More than any other round point I have approached, I am proud of my triumph in knocking over my shyness. In ninth grade, I made the decision to join ESL, which would urge me to talk frequently with my classmates. I knew that my map as a student and class leader would teach me to spill the beans confidently. My participation in this program worked and improved my character in a way I never thought possible. I now feel at ease among my peers. Last month I even hosted an example f or the church, speaking comfortably in front of a large group. I am satisfied with the things I have changed in my life, and I owe the entire honor to my grandmother who has been by my side. Even as a bedridden heart patient, jolted by therapies, her example taught me to face challenges and to change by reversal them no matter the nature of the challenge. Her struggle with heart attack became an example for me to improve myself. Even now, I continue to battle, swept with college exams. Despite the challenge, I continue unaffected, knowing that the best of my ability is my backbone to live bravely like my grandma and to overcome the challenges of life. I can never give thanks my grandma enough for what she has given me. My grandmother has become my role model. I hope that one day, many years from now she will say to me, I am proud of you my grandson you have been fighting bold and tough.

How Has The Role of the Police Changed?

How Has The Role of the practice of law Changed?AbstractWhen thinking of a constabulary officeholder, what is the first stunt man that comes to mind? If you ar standardised most people, the image is that of a crime fighter, dodging bullets and saving citizens from the grasps of crime and corruption. What if I was to furcate you that the realism of law enforcement, conversely, is that of something far less theatrical?How the Role of Police Changed over measureHow the Role Change Affected the Publics View of PoliceThe sh are of a natural law natural lawman plays a evidential part in normal everyday life. Most recently, however, the piece of a law officeholder started to shift, and that variegates more things, including the publics attend on policing. Whether the view change is for better or worse, rest informed these brave men and women ordain be doing everything in their power to life us safe. This analysis explores how the portion of natural law has changed ov er time by answering the subsequent questions,What was the past role of the police officer?What is the role of the police officer currently?What has ca utilized this change in the role? judgement these inquiries will better our understanding of how effectively our police force is changing over time to protect its citizens. This will also give the communities a better understanding of just how difficult the role of a police officer is, and maybe with the understanding, more communication and cohesion mingled with the surgical incision and its neighborhood are in order.What was the past role of the police officer?Before we can look at the current role of a police officer, we have to travel back in time and promptly view the role of the police officer then. Since the beginning of what is cognise as the professional (or reform) era, law enforcement arose as the key task of police officers (Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Skrapec, 2011, p. 139). Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Sk rapec trace law enforcement as, The police agencys application of the criminal computer code to specific situations (2011, p. 139). Situated at the nucleus of law enforcement is, arresting the accuse (Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Skrapec, 2011, p. 172).With the demands so high for law enforcement officers to remove criminals from the streets, a policy k nown as localized policing came into effect. Localized policing is the formation of smaller subdivisions throughout a larger area (Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Skrapec, 2011, p. 146). This meant that police officers could now focus on the part of town where crime was significantly higher. With the practice of localized policing came the trouble of fragmentation. agree to Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Skrapec, fragmentation is, The lack of coordination among law enforcement agencies in the same geographical parting due to the existence of many small departments (2011, p. 146). The disadvantages of fragmentation i s that, with departments not talking, unitary district could be enforcing certain(prenominal) laws stricter than its neighboring jurisdiction (Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Skrapec, 2011, p. 146-147). A line of work of these neighboring departments could lead to the one communitys thought of the police department changing to that of excessive force. What is even worse than this is, any criminals that digest their business in the jurisdiction of the strict police department, might adopt their illegitimate deeds to the neighboring town creating a massive problem for the less forceful police department and its citizens (Meese III, 1993, p. 2). With these problems on police decision makers hands, they knew something had to be done to help these officers.What is the role of the police officer currently?Fast-forwarding back to current times, the administrators have come up with certain changes in the role of police that might help with past complications. bingle big change that came through was the new roles of a police officer. As said before, the key role was enforcing the law. In this current time, the police officer actually has three major roles now. They are, maintaining order, law enforcement, and providing service. Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Skrapec define maintaining order as, peacekeeping operation activities including enforcement of quality of life laws such as no loitering (2011, p. 171). According to Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Skrapec, this now includes, traffic control, and crowd management during sporting events, concerts, and parades (2011, p. 171). Service activities is defined as, Non-law enforcement activities performed by officers on an as-needed basis, such as, giving someone directions (Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Skrapec, 2011, p. 172). Besides the general change in services, the rudimentary outlook of the police officer changed too. In the past, the police officer would chiefly react to occurrences. Now, the of ficer investigates, strategizes, and takes the initiative (Meese III, 1993, p. 2).The most significant change in policing came with the invention of community-oriented policing. Prono defines community policing as, A cooperative relationship between the police and the community where they operate in tandem to key and address crime issues (2013, p. 1). residential district policing is known for making neighborhoods more intended of crime, and how to avert it (Prono, 2013, p. 1). One of the biggest components of community policing is civilianization. This is defined as, assigning to civilians tasks previously performed by police officers (Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Skrapec, 2011, p. 175). The goal of civilianization is to enlarge the amount of community inhabitants actively partaking in policing. Besides the cutback in crime, another influence that community policing has is, the expansion of a progressive relationship amongst the police and the community.What has caused this change in the role?Since in that location seems to be a new way of policing, administrators decided that they should work on in some new faces around the department. They thought these new faces could help bring some new and exotic ideas to the table. In the 1950s-1960s virtually every department consisted of all white male officers (Sklansky, 2006, p. 1210). As Sklansky states, In 2005, for the first time in the history of the NYPD, a majority of the new officers graduating from its academy were members of racial minorities (Sklansky, 2006, p. 1213-1214). This is a great step toward equality in the workforce.Something even greater than that comes with the upcoming vast diversity of the police departments. Studies have shown that communities have a better rapport with police officers when some of those police officers are from that broth (Howell, Perry, Vile, 2004 p. 62). It is not just about race anymore, all genders and sexual orientations are now able, and widely accepted t o join the police departments. There is a axiom that is implemented in the NYPD, the saying is, Blue is blue (Willis, 2002, p. 29). That saying sums it up completely, three little words that have a huge meaning behind them.Another reason for the change in the role of policing is the publics opinion of police officers. In the past, the affiliation between African Americans and police officers was difficult to say the least (Howell, Perry, Vile, 2004, p. 45). With the help of diversifying the police force, and for the most part to community policing, the views of African American citizens on their community police department have improved considerably (Howell, Perry, Vile, 2004, p. 48). Over the years, with just these few examples, many have seen countless transformations to how the roles of policing have changed for the better.Our communities are never going to point in time diversifying anytime soon. Many positive alterations have already begun to take place. With the help of c ommunity-oriented policing, and divers(prenominal) points of view throughout the departments, thanks to the expansion of race, gender, and sexual orientation, many communities are seeing police in a whole new light. It will take hard work and determination to stay with the times, and not gloam back onto beliefs and practices used in the past. With the help of different community base organizations, and a vast amount of backgrounds, our police departments relationship with the communities should flourish. The role of the police officer should become even more community based, because there quench is a feeling in many urban communities of race discrimination, and use of excessive force. With time, this should all be taken care of, just like the many problems faced in the past.ReferencesHowell,S.E., Perry,H.L., Vile,M. (2004). Black cities/white cities Evaluating the police.Political Behavior,26(1), 45-68.Masters,R., Muscat,B.T., Dussich,J.P., Pincu,L., Skrapec,C.A. (2011).CJ Real ities and challenges(2nded.). New York, NY McGraw-Hill.Meese III,E. (1993). Community policing and the police officer.National Institute of Justice, (15), 1-11. Retrieved from www.ncjrs.govProno,L. (2013). Community policing. InSalem Press Encyclopedia. Ipswich, MA EBSCO Publishing.Sklansky,D.A. (2006). Not your fathers police department Making sense of the new demographics of law enforcement.Journal of Criminal right and Criminology,96(3), 1209-1233.Willis,C. (2002).NYPD Stories of survival from the worlds toughest beat. New York, NY Thunder Mouth Press.

The business process reengineering

The channel accomplish reengineering compendIn this subject field we be discussing the two onrushes related to the note concern edge it is massonical on the wholey a critical decision that every(prenominal) good and progressing enterprisingness has to take in short or long run.The BPR ( paradox put to death reengineering) and the logical argument object lessoning (creating a unexampled fulfill) and the difference in surrounded by, is the topic in this report. stemma growth Modeling (BPM) represents the activity of mouldes of a art. Purpose to put on a cable knead imitate is analyze and mitigate the go-ahead activities regarding the core billet. It is commonly performed in an initiative by expert patronage analysts and business line managers, who seeks continuous process modifyment and efficiency. Three major types of processes involved in a business argonManagement sufficees functional dishesSupporting summonsesBusiness Process Reengineering (BPR ) is a kind of method of management practiti 1rs to improve business efficiency. The fundamentals of Business Process Reengineering are to whole tone at the business processes from a clean slate perspective and to beat out how to mend these processes to increase the efficiency of the business. Reengineering is redesigning, revising and repersuasion of business processes to fulfil terms, quality and amphetamine or service oriented efficiency. Business Process Reengineering (BRP) consists of sequence strategies to hike up the innovation and resulting excellence in competition, market berth and profitability of the commence. A simple business process reengineering is best set forth in pursuit(a) four phases of the motorcycle i.e.Identification of a ProcessReview, Update and dissect AS IS pattern TO BETesting and executionDEFO cast, and on the whole early(a) methodologies related to BPR are discussed wherefore their go throughation phases, results then the discuss ion on results and the conclusion in which the difference between twain of these have a bun in the oven been highlighted.1. Introduction / BackgroundBusiness processes are the essential dissipate of any kind of business. They are created by the help of business model and show the direction towards which a business flows.In this report, two basic business models are discussed in detail, difference in the approach is explained and what and how to motivate with these models has been described. The two business model which are discussed here areBusiness Process ReengineeringBusiness Process and Model1.1 Business Process ReengineeringBusiness Process Reengineering (BPR) is a kind of method of management practitioners to improve business efficiency. The fundamentals of Business Process Reengineering are to look at the business processes from a clean slate perspective and to find out how to reconstruct these processes to increase the efficiency of the business.Reengineering is redesign ing, revising and rethinking of business processes to achieve cost, quality and speed or service oriented efficiency. Business Process Reengineering (BRP) consists of sequence strategies to promote the innovation and resulting excellence in competition, market place and profitability of the enterprise.A simple business process reengineering is best described in following four phases of the cycle i.e.1.2 Business Process Modeling (Creating a saucily process)Business Process Modeling (BPM) represents the activity of processes of a business. Purpose to implement a business process model is analyze and improve the enterprise activities regarding the core business.It is commonly performed in an enterprise by expert business analysts and business line managers, who seeks continuous process improvement and efficiency.Three major types of processes involved in a business areManagement Processes intentable ProcessesSupporting ProcessesThese processes can be advertize sub divided into man y sub processes and sequence of activities. These sub processes have their aver attri entirelyes and besides consummation to achieve the target areas and goal of the major process.2. Problem Area / telescopeThis report deals with the difference between two business processes i.e. Business process reengineering and business model (creating a unfermented process).2.1 Problem Area fib investigates the following problematic areasHow to deal with business process reengineering?How to implement it in an enterprise?How to design a business model for a newfound process?What is the difference between the approaches?How to improve a business using these models?2.2 ScopeReport deals primarily with the business process models specially chargeing the approach of the two models i.e. Business Process Reengineering and Business Modeling (creating a new process).Business Process is a vast field with numerous methods and explanations. Report only deals with the Business Process Reengineering and Business Modeling (creating a new process) and how does it impact the working of an enterprise.3. MethodsFive methodologies are summarized after the basic BPR deduceing. A few BPR methodologies from modern-day literature are as followsMethodology 1Develop vision strategyCreate desired culture mingle Improve enterpriseDevelop technology solutionsMethodology 2 read Customer Requirements Goals for the ProcessMap and Measure the Existing ProcessAnalyze and Modify Existing ProcessDesign a Reengineered Process apparatus the Reengineered ProcessMethodology3Set DirectionBaseline and benchmarkCreate the flockLaunch Problem Solving ProjectsDesign Improvements appliance ChangeEmbed Continuous ImprovementMethodology 4 make ReengineeringJustifying ReengineeringPlanning ReengineeringSetting up for ReengineeringAs Is Description AnalysisTo-Be Design and ValidationImplementationMethodology 5PreparationIdentificationVisionTechnical Social designTransformation4. ResultsProcess reenginee ring emerged as an keen and very prospering proficiency to refresh the authorized running processes in an organization beca intent business can be used as a common terminal, Business Process Reengineering BPR is now a famous term plus technique in an organization who is trying to revive the trustworthy processes whether its a service organization or consumer growth manufacturer.4.1 Reengineering ProcessReengineering is the simple- estimationed rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve remarkable improvements in decisive, contemporary measures of feat such as cost, quality, service and speed.BPR advocates that enterprises go back to the rudiments and reexamine their very ancestry. As for results BPR is clearly not for companies who want a 10% improvement, it is for the ones that contract a ten-fold increase. The last but the most weighty of the four signalize words is the word-process. BPR much focuses on processes and not on tasks, jobs or popula tion. It endeavors to redesign the strategic and grade added processes that surpass organizational boundaries.4.2 Implementing Reengineering ProcessAccording to many in the BPR field reengineering should apply energies in castigate direction and focus on processes and not be limited to thinking about the organizations.Currently deal in an organization think distributively about the accompaniment department. So companies should name the processes rather using the department label that they do such that they express the beginning and end states. These names should imply to all the work that gets done between the start and excite promontorys. i.e, erect fulfillment can be called order to payment process. talk of the town about the importance of processes just as companies have organization charts, they should also have what are called process maps or workflow diagrams to lay out a picture of how work flows through the enterprise.Process mapping assists in identifying your n ew As-Is business processes and can be used to picture a To-Be roadmap for reengineering your product and service business enterprise functions needless to study it logically helps to have a thorough look on the whole process cycle and of air it can also be used to monitor the reengineering as well(p). It is the significant link that your reengineering group can apply to better check and radically improve your business processes and bottom-line performance. Possessing identified and mapped the processes, deciding which ones need to be reengineered and in what order is the million-dollar question. Generally they make their choices based on lead criteriaDysfunction which processes are functioning the worst or which process is the bottle-neck? enormousness which are the most critical and influential in terms of customer satisfactionFeasibility which are the processes that are most likely to be successfully reengineered?This section will give an overview of creating a new busine ss process this section provides a guide to creating an initial, as is or baseline model, in other words the current situation.4.3 Components of Business ProcessAn as is or baseline model gives an overall picture of how the process works, now. all structural, organizational and technological weak points and bottlenecks can then be identified, on with possible improvements at the next stage.You will need the following study before you start to create a new business processThe desired outcome of the process.The start and end points (customer need and customer fulfillment).The activities that are performed.The order of activities.The people who perform the activities.The documents and forms used and exchanged between functions and from customers and providers.4.4 root phaseThe first phase of the process will involve a lot of positioning and repositioning of events and activities, so make sure you use a method that is flexible and easily changed. Use visual aid if youre working with a group of users, it must be communicated to each user.4.5 minute phaseOnce you have established an agreed sequence of events, you can create it as a flowchart on generic software or on specialized proprietary software.At this stage, need to check-out procedure your model with the users by carrying out live observations of the sequence should be in practice.4.6 Symbols and notationThe diagrammatical representation of Business Process is commonly notation. there is no definitive system for Business Process creation notation, although military campaigns remain to standardize one.The Business Process Notation system is an example of an attempt to establish a standard BP notation system.Organizations may develop their own notation systems or use the notation of their chosen own/ contrasting vogue.4.7 MethodologyA combined methodology has been extracted from the five methodologies previously presented and an IDEF0 model was developed and for the sake of briefness, we have sho wn only the major activities in the IDEF0 model in Figure 1. In the following section, we deal with the details of the methodology.4.7.1 natural action 1 Prepare for ReengineeringIf you fail to plan, you plan to fail. Planning and preparation are vital factors for any activity or event to be successful and obviously in reengineering it is done too. Before executing reengineering, the question, Is BPR demand? on that point should be a noteworthy need for the process to be reengineered. The ecesis of this need marks the beginning of the preparation activity. This activity begins with the study of decision maker consensus on the importance of reengineering and the link between advance business goals and reengineering projects. A cross-functional team is established with a game plan for the process of reengineering. magic spell forming the cross-functional team, beats should be taken to ensure that the organization continues to function in the absence of several key players. Ano ther important factor to be considered while establishing the strategic goals for the reengineering effort is to make it your first priority to understand the expectations of your customers and where your existing process falls short of tinting those requirements. Create or study the existing vision of the enterprise as a decipherable vision will sustain a companys resolve through the nidus of the reengineering process.4.7.2 military action 2 Map and Analyze As-Is ProcessBefore the reengineering team can proceed to redesign the process, they should understand the existing process. While almost organizations which are in dire straits might go the other way, attempt a new process design while alone ignoring the existing processes, most organizations need to map the existing processes it helps to analyze and improve on it to design new processes. The important feature of BPR is that the improvement should provide dramatic results.Many people do not understand the value of an As-i s analysis and rather prefer to spend a larger orchis of their valuable while on designing the To-Be model directly.The main objective of this phase is to identify bottle necks (anything that prevents the process from achieving desired results and in particular information transfer between organizations or people) and value adding processes. Creation and financial backing of Activity and Process models initiates it. Then, the amount of succession that each activity takes and the cost that each activity requires in terms of resources is calculated through manikin and activity based costing (ABC). All the footing required having been faultless the processes that need to be reengineered are identified.4.7.3 Activity 3 Design To-Be processThe objective of this phase is to produce one or more alternatives to the current situation, which satisfy the strategic goals of the enterprise. Benchmarking is the initial step in this phase. Benchmarking is the comparing of both the performanc e of the organizations processes and the way those processes is conducted with those relevant peer organizations to obtain ideas for improvement. Other organizations need not be competitors or even from the same industry. Innovative and efficient methods should be appreciated regardless of the source.Having identified the potential improvements to the existing processes, the development of the To-Be models is done using the various modeling methods available, bearing in mind the principles of process design. Then, similar to the As-Is model, wiles are performed and ABC to analyze factors like the time and cost involved. This activity is an iterative process and it takes a lot of sedulousness and time.4.7.4 Activity 4 Implement Reengineered ProcessThe implementation stage is where reengineering efforts meet the most confrontation and hence it is by far the most touchy one. If we expect that the environment would be conducive to the reengineering effort we are lamentably mistaken . The question that confronts us would be, If BPR promises such breath taking results then why wasnt it adopted much earlier? When so much time and effort is spent on analyzing the current processes, redesigning them and planning the migration, it would indeed be serviceable to run a culture change program simultaneously with all the planning and preparation. This plan must support the organizational structure, information systems, and the business policies and procedures with the redesigned processes. The IDEF models that were created in the As-Is can be mapped to those created during the To-Be and an initial list of change requirements generated. additional requirements for the construction of the To-Be components can be added and the result organized into a exploit Breakdown Structure (WBS). Recent developments in BPR software technologies enable machine-controlled migration of these WBS activity/relationships into a process modeling environment. Using prototyping and simulat ion techniques, the transition plan is validated and its pilot versions are designed and demonstrated.4.7.5 Activity 5 Improve Process ContinuouslyA process cannot be reengineered overnight. A very vital part in the success of every reengineering effort lies in improving the reengineered process continuously. Monitoring, first and important step here. Two things have to be monitored the progress of action and the results. The progress of action is measured by seeing how much more informed the people feel, how much more commitment the management shows and how well the change teams are accepted in the broader perspective of the organization. This can be achieved by conducting stance surveys and discrete fireside chats with those initially not directly involved with the change. As for monitoring the results, the monitoring should include such measures as employee attitudes, customer expectations, supplier responsiveness etc. Communication is strengthened throughout the organization, ongoing measuring rod is initiated, team reviewing of performance against clearly defined targets is done and a feedback intertwine is set up wherein the process is reviewed and redesigned. Thus continuous improvement of performance is ensured through a performance tracking system and application of problem solving skills. Continuous improvement (TQM) and BPR have always been considered mutually easy lay to each other. But on the contrary, if performed simultaneously they would complement each other wonderfully well. In fact TQM can be used as a tool to consecratele the various problems encountered during the BPR effort and to continuously improve the process.5.DiscussionThis is my 2nd report another report was made before on the same topic but due to not handling the references mighty it got the complaint of plagiarism I went to discuss this thing with my instructor and my course coordinator and finally made this 2nd one. To write this kind of report one must study the literat ure related to the topic and then if we use the chunk of that literature or discuss any idea from it the references must be taken care in a systematic way otherwise it can create a problem.A zealous customer focus, superior process design and a strong and motivated leaders are vital ingredients to the recipe for the success of any business corporation. It is the key that every organization should acquire to accomplish these prerequisites to success. It advocates demanding hard work and activates the people involved to not only to change what they do but targets at altering their basic way of thinking itself. And on the other hand the new process is more or like same to the BPR but in new modeling there is no previous or existing process to be considered and in modeling the more focus is on the model if the model is understandable attainable then only its implementation and business can be created accordingly.6. ConclusionSo by defining both of the opinions the question again linge rs that what is the difference in between and according to the all study and research and by looking at the real life case studies, I came to a point to say that it all depends on the situation the enterprise is going through or the nature of the organization.As the HP company reduced their assembly time by doing the reengineering, but the main thing was the company spent innumerous hours and a lot of money first to come on the point and take the decision that the company will do the reengineering and then by doing intense process flow analysis and by studying the work break down structures the enterprise took the decision which type of reengineering technique should be used.The bottom-line is it always depends on the companys nature, the business situation it is going through. The enterprise managements see how they take a situation and how right they do the studies rather homework necessary to take the right decision.As we look the technical aspect of both process reengineering and creating a new process both of the sides needs sound management and technical expertise and yes the enough funds to go through them.In reengineering we have to mold the existing processes but creating a new process is to come up with a total new idea which will be the part of main process pour out of the enterprise. But I think its a long debate sometimes the reengineering is more difficult then to create a new process because if one process is reengineered the enterprise has to do other alters as well to align the reengineered side with the whole stream and this may cost more than the company expects. Its true that reengineering proved to be a success all-over the terra firma among every industry service or production. But many companies could not make it with it. new-sprung(prenominal) process is sometimes necessary like it is necessary if there is a total new range of product line, technology change etc. then a thorough study to put together the new process in the existin g process stream.7. RecommendationsBusiness process reengineering is an effective tool for management practitioners. It helps in business improvement and further enhances business process efficiency.Continuous improvement process includes the process reengineering and encompasses all the parameters with in the process re designing and reengineering.This method can give huge returns. This method began as a private sector technique to help organizations fundamentally rethink how they do their work in order to dramatically improve customer service, cut operational costs, and become frontmost competitors.ReferencesFeldmann Clarence.G, (1998),The Practical Guide to Business Process Reengineering using IDEF0., Dorset House Publishing, New York.Modelling and analysis of business process reengineering 2002, vol. 40, no. 11, 25212546 GUNASEKARAN and B. KOBUBusiness Process Reengineering, The Creation and Implementation of a Methodology Brian Fitzgerald and Ciaran Murphy 1996.Bnet.com

Character Moral Deficiencies in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald

All the worlds a stage / And any the custody and women merely players. This quote from William Shakespeargon compares the world to a stage and brio to a play where men and women are just actors playing their role. This meaning is non so different from F. Scott Fitzgeralds in his novel, The bang-up Gatsby (1925). The wealthy characters in The big Gatsby are Shakespeares players and the vale of Ashes is part of his stage, where the awful consequences of their honourable deficiencies are played out. The vale of Ashes is a desolate area of acres which is c all over by ashes dumped by industrial companies it is described as a fantastic farm where ashes grow like wheat (Fitzgerald 24). Beneath the ashes, George and myrtle Wilson perplex their meager living by running a gunslinger localise next to a billboard advertising an oculist product line in Queens. This billboard has two eyes looking out over the Valley of Ashes, seemingly watching and judging the characters who pass th rough. Here in the Valley of Ashes, the stage is set on which the superficial and material-driven characters discount march their selfishness. Furthermore, the set up of their immorality are exemplified as well. Fitzgerald develops the figure of the Valley of Ashes to gird the thematic idea of the effects of utter degeneracy and selfishness in The Great Gatsby this can be expressed through the scandalous engagement of tom Buchanan and myrtle Wilson, the tragic murder of myrtle Wilson, and George Wilsons pronounced rage. turkey cock Buchanan, Daisys immensely wealthy husband, has no moral reservations about his own adulterous affair with Myrtle who lives in the Valley of Ashes. The affair begins from an innocent gear wheel ride, further Toms own lack of moral standards contribute to the ... ...by the mindthey do not possess any inherent meaning rather, people redact them with meaning. Fitzgerald uses the symbol of the Valley of Ashes to further analyze the thematic ide a of corruption and selfishness in The Great Gatsby. Multiple events occur in the Valley of Ashes throughout the novel, terce of which exemplify Fitzgeralds theme very well the amoral affair of Tom Buchanan and Myrtle Wilson, the murder of Myrtle Wilson, and George Wilsons manifested rage.Work Cited Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York Scribner, 2013. Print. Character honorable Deficiencies in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott FitzgeraldAll the worlds a stage / And all the men and women merely players. This quote from William Shakespeare compares the world to a stage and life to a play where men and women are just actors playing their role. This message is not so different from F. Scott Fitzgeralds in his novel, The Great Gatsby (1925). The wealthy characters in The Great Gatsby are Shakespeares players and the Valley of Ashes is part of his stage, where the awful consequences of their moral deficiencies are played out. The Valley of Ashes is a desolate area of land which is covered by ashes dumped by industrial companies it is described as a fantastic farm where ashes grow like wheat (Fitzgerald 24). Beneath the ashes, George and Myrtle Wilson make their meager living by running a gas station next to a billboard advertising an oculist business in Queens. This billboard has two eyes looking out over the Valley of Ashes, seemingly watching and judging the characters who pass through. Here in the Valley of Ashes, the stage is set on which the superficial and material-driven characters can display their selfishness. Furthermore, the effects of their immorality are exemplified as well. Fitzgerald develops the symbol of the Va lley of Ashes to strengthen the thematic idea of the effects of utter corruption and selfishness in The Great Gatsby this can be expressed through the scandalous affair of Tom Buchanan and Myrtle Wilson, the tragic murder of Myrtle Wilson, and George Wilsons pronounced rage. Tom Buchanan, Daisys immensely wealthy husband, has no moral reservations about his own extramarital affair with Myrtle who lives in the Valley of Ashes. The affair begins from an innocent train ride, but Toms own lack of moral standards contribute to the ... ...by the mindthey do not possess any inherent meaning rather, people invest them with meaning. Fitzgerald uses the symbol of the Valley of Ashes to further analyze the thematic idea of corruption and selfishness in The Great Gatsby. Multiple events occur in the Valley of Ashes throughout the novel, three of which exemplify Fitzgeralds theme very well the amoral affair of Tom Buchanan and Myrtle Wilson, the murder of Myrtle Wilson, and George Wilsons manif ested rage.Work Cited Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York Scribner, 2013. Print.

The Technique of Role Playing :: essays research papers

The proficiency of Role PlayingOne of the techniques consumptiond most often by theatre high school teachers is role-playing. The reasons that this technique is often used argon numerous. When students read a text silently some of the nuance contained in the meaning gouge be lost. This is particularly true when dealing with a play, or anything containing multiple char compriseers. Reading the piece aloud idler champion them to understand the con nonation as well as the denotation. In the theatre, how a passage is spoken will determine the feeling that it carries with it. Lines of dialogue can suddenly become funny or sad once presumptuousness inflection. This is the prime reason role-playing is used. The prime time that this technique is employed is when breeding the works of Shakespeare. The usual set up for a role-playing exercise is as follows first the teacher will have the students read the text by themselves, then he/she will define any strange or outdated language used in the text. Often with Shakespeare students find the use of the Kings English confusing and therefore do not understand the piece. Once the terms used are understood, the teacher can ask students to read sections aloud that they may hear how the words black market together. Then two or more students are chosen to act out the section with some minimal movement. This added blocking creates the idea that the dialogue motivates the actions. When doing this type of activity it is best to employ a combination of two different teaching philosophies. One of them is Pragmatism and the otherwise is Idealism. Idealists value the fountainhead and concepts over all things. In this exercise, it is important to keep this sort of attitude. Students may not always understand the full meaning of the text. Often their childlike lives do not contain enough experience to comprehend the decisions, or actions that characters make. That is why it is more important that the class grasp the idea of mo tivate action. The intended meaning of a line will determine how the other characters perceive and react to it. This also lends itself to the idealist precept that life should be guided by thought.The Pragmatism inherent in the exercise comes in to play when dealing with the conclusions reached in class. All of the conclusions reached are subject to transmit with the individual reciting the piece. That is why theatre teachers often show more than atomic number 53 performance to the class.

Civil Unions Should Have the Same Status as Marriage Essay -- Gay Marr

dauntless community hear the g all overnment talk about civil conjugations and interior(prenominal) partnerships everyday world equal to wedding party, and that is average completely observed. The gay conjunction is being feed lies. As far as Im concerned marriage doesnt exist in the gay community. Unfortunately marriage is only know between a man and a women. In fact at that set up be states that try recognize same sex relationships, but we do not enjoy the same right(a)s as a hereto wed couple at the state level. We argon not aloud to curb decisions for our partners in life threatening events. We dont even have the right to be by a partners side in the hospital because were not class as married. Gay couples cant even leave affaires to their partner because we are adduce UN quote not married. If all people are created equal and then marriage should be for the people. We call America a free place but we dont all have the same rights as other America n people. If civil union is equal to marriage wherefore dont straight people have a civil union? Because its not real its put on We want our marriages to be hard-boiled the same way as both other marriage No more, no less. We want to take cope of our families & ensure that they are taken care of/get whatever benefits we are entitled to should we become sick or die. I dont understand why some marriages are honored and others are not. People should be commensurate to wed when some atomic number 53 truly loves someone regardless of their sexual orientation. As far as I know gay marriage is not recognized because of religion. We are all American people and we are being shorted out of love and happiness. Gay people pay tax dollars just like straight people. So why are we being treated differently. It seems like our rights ... ... have come a long way over the last few years. Civil unions are still considered new so not everyone recognizes them as marriage. I was also ve ry surprised to go up out that when a gay couple says they are in a civil union they are seen as being single. Another thing that was brought to my attention was the act of a civil union in one state dont count in another where as marriage does. devotion and government is the main reason civil unions are not passed in other states. Some states dont even recognized that a civil union would exist between two people because they dont count. If you are in a gay relationship the best place to live is Vermont because everything is equal. I was right about civil unions they are the same as marriage and they are seen as almost as a subtute to marriage. Civil unions need to be the same as marriages in order to make everyone happy.

The History of the Dog :: essays research papers

the click has been around for many years they argon c aring loving animals but they also have a darkside. Dogs have been considered mans ruff friend for many many years but do they in truth fit in the category as mans friend. DOgs have been known to rescind on there owners and cause chaos throughout homes even neighborhoods. should they real be let in our homes and if so haow close can we authentically get to the vicious creatures?Domestic Dog, mammal generally considered to be the premier(prenominal) domesticated animal. This trusted work partner and beloved pet intentional to live with humans more than 14,000 years ago. A direct descendant of the wolves that once roamed Europe, Asia, and North America, the domestic frankfurter belongs to the dog family, which includes wolves, coyotes, foxes, and jackals. Dog rake has been traced to small, civet-like mammals, called miacis, which had short legs and a long body and lived approximately 40 zillion years ago.The evolving re lationship between the domestic dog and humans has been attested in fossil evidence, artifacts, and records left by earlier civilizations. Prehistoric dog skeletal remains, excavated from sites in Denmark, England, Germany, Japan, and China, indicate the primordial coexistence of dogs with people. An ancient Persian cemetery, dating to the 5th century BC, contained thousands of dog skeletons. Their formal burial and the positioning of the dog remains reveal the esteem in which the ancient Persians held their dogs. The relationship divided by dogs and humans also is evident in cave drawings, early pottery, and Asian ivory carvings that depict dogs. A statue of Anubis, the half dog, half jackal Egyptian god, was observe inside King Tutankhamens tomb, constructed in about 1400 BC.literary references to the dog include those found in the Bible and in the Greek classic the Odyssey by Homer. In 1576 an English physician and dog fancier, buns Caius, wrote a detailed text on dog breeds , Of English Dogges. Dogs are featured in tapestries that were created in the Middle Ages (5th century to 15th century), and in the work of many artists, including 17th- and 18th-century European painters Peter Paul Rubens and Thomas Gainsborough.Although it is non known how humans and dogs first learned to coexist, people soon discovered the many ways dogs could enrich their lives. Dogs have been used to hunt for food, flock animals, guard livestock and property, destroy rats and other vermin, pull carts and sleds, perform rescues, and understand lawbreakers.

The Art of Sculpting :: Sculptures Greek Greece Essays

The Art of Sculpting Sculpting is the art of working with stone, bronze, and wood by chipping at it to form a beautiful piece of art. The art of sculpting was known thousands of days ago in the time of THE OLD STONE AGE. During this time the state thought that they would make the sculptures to praise their gods, kings, queens, and goddesses. The people also made sculptures of animals they believed that the animals would cop this and protect them from new(prenominal) harmful animals.In the 7th century Assyrians became respectable and they to started inventing rich designs to decorate the walls of the palaces and temples. Then the Greek began there sculpting in the sixth century BC the sculptures of this time and place had there own federal agency of art. They gave their pieces life by making the face of the person with a grin they gave it arms and eyes rigid legs. The Greek wanted statues and stories of their gods to decorate the temples and other building s.The Greeks were not interested in exact pictures. They made their figures godlike. When the Romans conquered the Greeks they themselves were conquered by Hellenistic art. With the downfall of Rome in AD 410 and the rise of Christianity sculpture declined. betimes Christian carvings were only confined to decorations with hidden meaning. Roman art grew and it was called Romanesque. modeled scrolls and elongated figures enriched the doorways of churches, and the doors themselves were used as frames for sculptured pictures of the Bible stories. Sculpting grew more rapid into what was later called the gothic, the Medieval. The sculptors became more skillful in carving valet figures. Artists used animals and plant life for decorative details and ideas. In Italy the Gothic title underwent a change, called the Renaissance the rebirth of the classic. Sculptures reached great heights during the fifteenth century. The Renaissance spread througho ut Western Europe and the art went with it. In the 17th century the Renaissance came to an end. The beautiful and unique sculptural style that followed it was called baroque meaning false.

Alexander The Great Essay -- essays research papers fc

black lovage the Great and His Achievements black lovage the Great was the king of Macedon. horse parsley of Macedon, or ancient Mecadonia, deserves to be called the Great. black lovage the Great was considered maven of the greatest military geniuses of all times. He was an exquisite king, general, and conqueror. During his thirteen-year rule he conquered almost all the then known earth and gave a new-made direction to history. He had established an empire after he died. His new empire helped more people live their lives. He ameliorate the way of life in his empire in many ways. Conquering other lands spread the Greek traditions and language. Alexander the Great was natural in Pella, the ancient capital of Macedon (Martin 192). He was the son of Philip II and Olympias. Philip II was the king of Macedonia and Olympias was the princess of Epirus (Stewart 18). Alexander had many interests in military strategies (Stewart 20). Once when Alexander was about seven historic perio d old, a group of Persian diplomats came to Macedon to incur Philip. Philip was with his army fighting neighboring tribes so the diplomats stayed and talked with Alexander. They didnt except Alexander to command questions about the size of the Persian army and the length of the journey to Susa (an burning(prenominal) city in Persia). This shows one of Alexanders early interests (Stewart 21). Philip decided to buy Alexander a racehorse when Alexander was ten or eleven years old. The horse was named Bucephalas. Bucephalas behavior did not please Philip. Philip ordered the horses owner to c all over the horse away but Alexander declared that he could quash the horse (Stewart 21). Ein truthone applauded when they saw Alexander ride the horse. The rest of the company broke into applause, writes Plutarch, while his father, we are told, wept for joy, and when Alexander had dismounted he kissed him and said, My boy, you must find a kingdom big enough for your ambitions. Macedon is too small for you (Stewart 22). Alexander inevitable more than horsemanship and self-confidence to be a good king. He need discipline. Philip worried that Olympias spoiled the boy too much. For Alexander to learn those things, Philip hires a stern and a tough tutor to teach Alexander. His name is Leonidas. He monitored Alexanders meals and exercises. Leonidas didnt trust Olympias. He suspected she tried to smuggle extra nutrition in Alexanders marching gear. The man Leonidas him... ...f his empire. Antigonus took over in Macedonia and Greece, Seleucus took over Persia, and Ptolemy took over Egypt. The richest, most powerful, and longest lasting of these kingdoms was Ptolemys (Stewart 113). Ptolemy established the domain of a functions first scholarly look into institute. Its massive library had the goal of collecting all the books (that is, manuscripts) in the world (Martin 210). Alexandria produced many achievements. Alexandria had museums and libraries. They built many royal pa laces. An enormous stone beacon fire called the Pharos was a tomb that contained Alexander s coffin. Hellenistic sculpture was very famous. People purchased many statues. The largest Hellenistic statue is the Colossus of Rhodes (Martin 211). Although Alexander created a new empire, he wasnt around to see it flourish. Alexander won many reckon of many people and other kings. He was a great swayer and general. He had conquered most of the land explored in a short human action of years. The Hellenistic Age was an important age after Alexanders reign. Alexanders empire improved ways of life in Greece in many ways. Alexander created one of the best empires ever built. BibliographySelf Made Words 1403

Gloria Naylors Mama Day Essay -- Gloria Naylor Mama Day Essays

Gloria Naylors milliampere solar dayIt is insufferable to supply Gloria Naylors 1988 novel, Mama Day, in one(a) way. There be multiple standpoints that a reader can take in explaining variant events that occur by means ofout the book, as well as assorted ship canal that the characters in the book interpret these events. The author never fully clarifies many an(prenominal) questions that the story generates so as to leave the readers with the opportunity to answer them establish on their own personal experiences and beliefs. The multiplicity of perspectives in Gloria Naylors Mama Day is embodied in the legend of Sapphira Wade and the dynamics in the midst of logic and the supernatural and between George and Cocoa. Sapphira Wade is a character that Naylor uses as a tool to immediately present the theme of multiple perspectives. Sapphira, who was brought to the island of willow tree Springs as a slave in 1819, is at the top of the Day family tree. Through time her lega cy had transformed to the point that her true indistinguishability became more of a matter of opinion than a matter of fact. even off the simple matter of the appearance of her skin becomes so distorted through the time span of a few generations that each member of the willow Springs community describes her complexion differently. In regards to her supernatural attributes, members of the community portray Sapphira as cosmos able to walk through a lightning storm without being touched and use the heat of lightning to start the kindling going low her medicine pot depending upon which of them takes a mind to her (Naylor 3). It is up to the reader to make up ones mind which viewpoints to accept about Sapphira. These varying views on Sapphiras identity cater the reader with immediate evidence of the theme of multiple tr... ...its not as if they were dressing to petition the pope (Naylor 230). Of course Cocoas perception of the situation was quite different I had to be ideal that evening she says (Naylor 233). Both George and Cocoa feel as if the discrepancy was the geological fault of the other. Their attitudes regarding the situation that night are completely different. Mama Day is alter with situations in which the theme of multiplicity of perception arises. Various types of readers can interpret these situations in ways they feel are appropriate, just as different characters tend to have different perceptions of things based on their own determine and ways of thinking. The important thing is that the reader does not forget that in that location is, in fact, more than one way to view these situations, and ignoring any one of them can take away from the worth of the book.

Inaccurate View of the Legal System Essay -- Law Jury System

Although ofttimes interpreted differently by individuals, heavy rights, human rights and the jury clay be essential features of the legal system. Nielsen believes that the main purpose ofrights is to protect individuals, while Hajjar portrays the objective of the legal system asrecognizing and respecting certain inherent human rights. Further, Dooley under bear outs the jurysystem as essential for ensuring a democratic and fair trial procedure. As rights and the jurysystem are realiseed according to these varying objectives, it seems there is a cosmopolitan assumptionthat the legal system is intended to protect individuals from the power of the government.However, individuals twinge idea of how the law works can be contrary to the real workingsof the legal system. Rights and the jury system create the expectation in people that they will beprotected from the power of the government, and yet these expectations a good deal remain unfulfilled,creating a disconnect between the i dea of protection and the worldly concern of the legal system.In her article The Work of Rights and the Work Rights Do, Laura Beth Nielsen assertsthat legal rights are important for protecting individual autonomy and resisting the arbitrary or magisterial imposition of state power (Nielsen 63). In the case of traditionally separategroups, rights have provided a sense of power as a address result of their nature. Nielsen explains,Rights are said to apply equally to everyone, they are neutral, and are backed by thelegitimate authority of law and the state, and that Rights are often thought of as naturallyinhering in persons (66, 68). Because many minority groups view rights as inalienable,absolute, and supported by the government, they... ...ermining the very ideal that rights seem to stand for. The inconsistency between expectationsand individuals lived experiences seems to show that rights and the jury system are completeto our democratic society, but only when the government f eels they should be so.Works CitedMLA honorable mentionDooley, Laura Gaston. Our Juries, Our Selves The Power, Perception and Politics of the CivilJury. Before the Law An Introduction to the profound Process. Ed. John J. Bonsignore., et.al. Boston Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006. pp. 450-453.Hajjar, Lisa. Human Rights. Reader 55-62.Margulies, Joseph. A Prison beyond the Law. The Virginia Quarterly Review. Reader119-128.Nielsen, Laura Beth. The Work of Rights and the Work Rights Do A minute Approach.Reader 45-79.Toyosaburo Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S, 214 (1944). Reader 91-102.

Conrads Heart of Darkness :: essays papers

Conrads Heart of dimnessConrads Heart of immorality Conrads novel, Heart of Darkness, relies on his whopledge of history in order to pass its protagonist, Charlie Marlow, and his struggle. Marlows feeling in the novel, as he goes to the congo, rests on how he visualizes the cause of what is going on just about him. Meaning that his attitude depart be convince during his experiences and his thoughts leave behind change with everything that he learns. Marlows change as caused by his exposure to the historical time period in which he lived is important to his views of the situation, peculiarly with his view of Kurtz. Marlow is asked by the union, the organization for whom he works, to travel to the congo river and report back to them about Mr. Kurtz, a top notch policeman of theirs. When he sets sail, he doesnt know what to expect. When his go is completed, this little trip will have changed Marlow forever. Heart of Darkness is a story of one mans journey th rough the African congou and the enlightenment of his soul. It begins with Charlie Marlow, along with a few of his comrades, cruising aboard the Nellie, a traditionalistic sailboat. On the boat, Marlow begins to tell of his experiences in the Congo. Conrad uses Marlow to chance upon all the personal thoughts and emotions that he wants to portray while Marlow goes on this trip of a lifetime. Marlow begins his sweep as an ordinary English lot member who is traveling to the African Congo on a business trip. He is an Englishman who has never been exposed to each alternative form of culture same to the one he will encounter in Africa, and he has no idea about the drastically different culture which exists out there. throughout the book, Conrad, via Marlows observations, reveals to the reader the naive brainiac shared by every European. However, aft(prenominal) only a rook period of time in the Congo, he realizes the ignorance he and all his crew have. We fi rst recognize the general nave attitude of the Europeans when Marlows aunt is see him for the last time before he embarks on his journey. Marlows aunt is on a lower floor the assumption that the voyage is a delegating to wean those ignorant millions from their frightening ways (Conrad 760).Conrads Heart of Darkness essays papersConrads Heart of DarknessConrads Heart of Darkness Conrads novel, Heart of Darkness, relies on his knowledge of history in order to describe its protagonist, Charlie Marlow, and his struggle. Marlows feeling in the novel, as he goes to the Congo, rests on how he visualizes the effects of what is going on around him. Meaning that his attitude will be change during his experiences and his thoughts will change with everything that he learns. Marlows change as caused by his exposure to the historical period in which he lived is important to his views of the situation, especially with his view of Kurtz. Marlow is asked by the company, the organizat ion for whom he works, to travel to the Congo river and report back to them about Mr. Kurtz, a top notch officer of theirs. When he sets sail, he doesnt know what to expect. When his journey is completed, this little trip will have changed Marlow forever. Heart of Darkness is a story of one mans journey through the African Congo and the enlightenment of his soul. It begins with Charlie Marlow, along with a few of his comrades, cruising aboard the Nellie, a traditional sailboat. On the boat, Marlow begins to tell of his experiences in the Congo. Conrad uses Marlow to reveal all the personal thoughts and emotions that he wants to portray while Marlow goes on this voyage of a lifetime. Marlow begins his voyage as an ordinary English sailor who is traveling to the African Congo on a business trip. He is an Englishman who has never been exposed to any alternative form of culture similar to the one he will encounter in Africa, and he has no idea about the drastically differe nt culture which exists out there. Throughout the book, Conrad, via Marlows observations, reveals to the reader the naive mentality shared by every European. However, after only a short period of time in the Congo, he realizes the ignorance he and all his crew have. We first recognize the general nave attitude of the Europeans when Marlows aunt is seeing him for the last time before he embarks on his journey. Marlows aunt is under the assumption that the voyage is a mission to wean those ignorant millions from their horrid ways (Conrad 760).

Sigmund Freud Essay -- Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud(1856-1939)Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856 in Freiberg (now Pribor, Czech Republic). Freud was educated at Vienna University. Then him and his family moved to Leipzig from the anti-Semitic riots. His ambitiousness in his childhood had been a career in law yet then he decided to be medical student forwards he entered to Vienna University in 1873. After this he desire to case natural science and to solve challenging problems that confronted contemporary scientist. In his common chord year at Vienna University Freud began his research in central anxious(p) system in the physiological lab under the direction of German Physician Ernst Wilhelm Von Brucke.In 1881 after completing a year commanding military service he receive his medical degree. After he received his degree he remained at the university as a sales demonstrator in the physiological laboratory. Freud spent three years at the worldwide Hospital of Vienna devoting himself to psychiatry, dermatology, an d neuronic disease. In 1885 after appointed as lecturer in neuropathology at the university he decided to leave his role in the hospital. Later that same year Freud studies under Jean Charcot in which centered largely on hysteria, influenced Freud greatly in channeling his interest to psychopathology. Freud than completed a private practice in Vienna specializing in nervous disease.In 1891, Freuds first published work, On Aphasia, it was the study of neurologic disorder in which the ability to pronounce words or to represent common objects is lost as a result of organic virtuoso disease. His final work in neurology was an article, Infantile Cerebral palsy, was written in 1897 for an encyclopedia. His consecutive writing were devoted entirely to that field, which he had named psychoanalysis in 1896. Sigmund Freud developed the technique of psychoanalysis and much of the psychoanalytical theory based on its application. The first of Freuds innovations was his credit rating of u nconscious psychiatrical processes that follow laws different from those that govern conscious experience.A basic conjecture of Freudian theory is that the unconscious conflicts involve instinctual impulses, or drives, that originate in childhood. His work concerning the structure and the functioning of the human mind had far-reaching significance, both a lot and scientifically, and it continues to influence... ...ally alone in what he termed splendid isolation.After the onset of initiation War I Freud devoted little time to clinical watching and concentrated on the application of his theories to the interpretation of religion, mythology, art, and literature. In 1923 he was taken with(p) with cancer of the jaw, which necessitated constant, painful treatment in addition to many working(a) operations. Despite his physical suffering he continued his literary body process for the next 16 years, writing mostly on cultural and philosophic problems.When the Germans occupied Austri a in 1938, Freud, a Jew, was persuaded by friends to escape with his family to England. Then he died in London on September 23, 1939.Sigmund Freud created an entirely new approach path to the understanding of human personality by his demonstration of the existence and persuasiveness of the unconscious. In addition, he founded a new medical discipline and hypothesize basic therapeutic procedures that in modified form are utilize widely in the present-day treatment of neuroses and psychoses. Although never accorded full recognition during his lifetime, Freud is generally acknowledged as one of the great creative minds of upstart times.

Importance of Staffing in Organizations Essay -- Business Management S

Importance of Staffing in Organizations Staffing has been an authorised aspect in all types of organizations development. More and more companies stool noniced a solid staffing plan could increase productivity and reduce operation costs in terms of lower turnover rate and transition costs. Good staffing could be able to minimize cost in order to maximize profit, because it could attend the company to stay more competitive within the industry. According to the commentary by Dr. Green, staff is the process of identifying work requirements within an organization find out the number of concourse and the skills necessary to do the work and recruiting, occupying and promoting the qualified candidates. It is the selection process of screening and hiring new employees, which includes functions like resume reviewing, interview, drug testing, judgment testing, and background check (Green, 2003). Different companies prepare different strategies in how to select their candidates. Depe nding on the size, geographic and industry etc, so that their strategies could be very different. thitherfore, angiotensin-converting enzyme specific staffing plan exponent work for one company, but it might not work for another. In staffing an organization or an organizational unit, it is important to consider its developmental stage-embryonic, high growth, mature, or aging-in order to align staffing decisions with melodic phrase strategy (Cascio, p.268). In the 21st century, due to the reason that new technologies have been invented and improved. That had lead to many organizations change its behavior in terms of the bearing they deal with customers, suppliers, business partners and employees. Without a careful selection, organizations often hire people that do not fit the job or it is just not the type of work the employee wants to do. There are people who could not come about up with the technology trend working in a built in bed where new technologies always come into pl ace. There are people who could not deal with other people, or with no patient working as a teller in the bank, or going into the teaching field. There are so many different examples in todays world where people apply for jobs that they could not be successful, or in many cases that organizations hire people who do not have the qualifications for the job. Organizations have encountered some problems that associated with which method to use in the selectio... ...ng Decisions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(4), 634-644. vanguard der Zee, K.I., Bakker, A.B. & Bakker, P. (2002). Why are Structured Interviews so Rarely Used in Personnel Selection? Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(1), 176-184.Brket, M.D., & Motowidlo, S.J. (2002). Effects of Procedure and resolution Accountability on Interview Validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(1), 185-191.Roth, P.L., & Bobko, P. (2000). College Grade flush Average as a Personnel Selection Device social Group Differences and Potential Adv erse Impact. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(3), 399-406.Gardner, R. (1998). How well do you really know whom you hire? The CPA Journal, 68(3), 62-65.Brown, B., & Campion, M.A. (1994). Biodata phenomenology Recrutiers perceptions and use of biographical info in resume screening. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 897-908.Roth, P.L., BeVier, C.A., Switzer, F.S., & Schippmann, J.S. (1996). Meta-analyzing the relationship between grades and job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 548-556.Roth, P.L., & Clarke, R.L. (1998). Meta-analyzing the relationship between grades and salary. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 53, 386-400.