Strategic Analysis of Intel Corporation Case Study

Strategic compendium of Intel Corporation - Case Study ExampleThe report makes five forces analysis to judge the extent of marketplace place study done in the come with. A SWOT analysis of the company as it stands today after(prenominal) its highs and lows and the strengths of the competition are completely analyzed. In addition to this, the BCG matrix is prepared to study the extent to which the products constitute been capitalized by the company. And in what manner the company could further capitalize on their products.Further to the analysis, the extent to which all the stake holders in the company have been taken into account in every one of their decisions is besides verified. It has been found that though most of the requirements have been taken care of in the strategy that has been adopted by the company, there are certain inadequacies too. These have been identified and are also listed in the report condition below. The major conclusions drawn in the railway line of this study indicates that strategy does work and that there should be an purpose even if a certain amount of vagueness comes into fore during execution and might necessitate changes in the course of the work.Delight our customers, employees, and shareholders by relentlessly de leadring the platform and technology advancements that become essential to the way we work and live. - Intel Corporation, burster Statement (Intel, 2007).Intel says, delight is highe... True to the statement, the company has heralded some of the best and the latest products for the world to live with.3.2 Business ObjectivesThe companys business objectives can be listed as below (Intel 2007)Extend our silicon technology and manufacturing leadDeliver unrivaled microprocessors and platformsGrow profitability ecumenicExcel in customer orientationThe company has extended the use of silicon technology by creating microprocessors that are trendsetters. They have kept with their business objectives worldwide and h ave profitability too. Customer orientation is another major area that they are working on.3.3 abridgmentThe structure of operation in Intel is not very rigid. It is a structure that gives liberty to the peoples innovation. This is more alike what is common with small companies. However, as Andrew Groove (1999), its CMD, says, The Company can literally turn on its heels. This is do possibly only if the involvement of the people in innovation is matched with the large extent of understanding of the functional requirements of the company. One, the structure supports innovation two, the Company because of its need to match customer requirements, has ensured that the innovative structure would help in positioning itself as customer centric. Both these factors have added to the profitability of the company as well.3.4 Product and market ShareThe major products of Intel and their market share is given in table 1.S NoProductsIntel challenger1Microprocessors80.2%11.1% (AMD)2Chipsets57%1 5% (Via Tech)3Motherboards30%22% (ATI)4DesktopNA5LaptopNA* (Tom Krizot 2006, Anton Shilov 2006)Figure 1 Products by the companyThough as a product Intels laptops and desktops might not be doing brisk business, their

Political Science Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Political Science - Assignment ExampleI disagree with the statement that rational quality form of policy making room problems argon approached in a well ordered sequence. This is because the imitate seeks to benefit those using it in the policy making process but not the policy followers. This means that one opts to use the rational choice sticker to gain from it while others will not jumping an equal benefit (Bond & Smith, 2013). Similarly, the warning is preferred by most politicians since it creates opportunities for them to benefit from. They only use the model for their individual benefit but not for the benefit of society at large (Cornish & Clarke, 2014). Lastly, individuals rarely permit complete information about an issue. This is because the information may be withheld by one individual or a group in order to benefit from it. Therefore, in using the rational choice model problems are not approached in a well mannered form.In conclusion, the rational choice model is only used by individuals whose prime aim is to benefit themselves at the expense of others. It contains unrealistic assumptions that are used to simplify complicated choices as well as the predictions. Therefore, the theory ought to be substituted with more applicable and reasonable theories such as the democratic

LP7- Leading & Motivating people Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

LP7- Leading & Motivating people - duty assignment ExampleShe is mostly concerned about the needs and feelings of members of her team i.e. Country club management style. She insufficiencys each(prenominal) her team members to be happy and secure, which she assumes will translate to them turn overing harder. This kind of leadership styles leads to a relaxed educate environment but which comes at a cost to the level of production. She has strengths that can be credited to her manage having good interpersonal relationships with her subordinates due to the fact that she cares about their needs, interests and personal development. On the other hand, her flexibility and employee digest leads to 70 % of the budget going to their educational activity and salaries hindering cost cutting measures.Evelyn had a core inception of her influence she used the reward system to bestow her influence upon her employees. She awarded higher salaries to her employees and had them engage in trainin g often to improve their skills and marketability. She also treated people fairly and showed consideration and respect. These kinds of interaction with her workers make them want to help the manager even more and go the extra mile to help her achieve her target goals.Erik has authoritarian or compliance leadership style. His main concern is the end goals achieved, in this case meliorate energy and increased production .He has strict procedures and policies in the work place. This has its advantages as it focuses on organizational efficiency and increased production in the work place. The down side of this approach is that it lacks the internal analysis of the work culture of the employees, their needs and personal development when deciding how best to accomplish tasks.Erik uses the influence and powers that come with his senior office to push through his agenda in the office. He tries to get things done his way by using the higher authority given and uses people at higher levels to back him up. This management tactic improves

Quotes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quotes - Essay ExampleHowever, there is still a life which goes on behind bars and a continuation of life which should be supported. season a prisoner is for sure placed under boundaries of law, s/he does not stop beingness a human being and it must be noted that s/he has the same right to be treated humanely and with as much importance as those who are not with him/her in prison. The treatments and the rights are controlled by those who are supposed to manage prisons and things such as college degree earning program for prisoners sess improve conditions for many prisoners. rather of simply waiting for their time in prison to pass, they can be educated and taught to enhance their abilities and as a captive audience, they would be receptive to the education which is given to them. Simply put, with the program, the prison system can put disclose educated college graduates while without the program the prison system is only putting out ex-convicts.All on-key stories become unbeli evable as soon as we are told that they are true story or the events which are told to us are based on a true story. While we accept them as the truth, the element of disbelief and wonder is not taken away and we kick in to book reminding ourselves that the story itself is true. We can certainly find examples of such stories in the media and even in anecdotes that we tell distributively other. For example, a baby that survives a burning building, a child who is able to beat grandmasters at chess, a person fighting against unbelievable odds, social stigma as well as other barriers that have been placed in his/her part and becoming successful in their endeavors. Most recently, we saw true events cover in front of us as jetliners were used by terrorist as weapons against America.However, I feel that the closely unbelievable true stories are the ones which take place everyday around us but are simply not reported. For example, a young high school student that does not take

Criminology research proposal- To what extent is employee theft Proposal

Criminology - To what extent is employee stealing effecting busness - Research Proposal ExampleThis new aspect has threatened to alternate business progress of many companies, with competitor firms easily finding ways to fix the subject firms employ much(prenominal) secrets.Based on various statistics, as brought out by Walsh (2000), approximately 75% of employees puzzle at one time or another been involved in employee theft, with a vast absolute majority of the group having perpetrated the act multiple times. This, he notes, stems from mistreatment of an employee by the firm, a prospect that creates an urge of retaliation among the employees. In addition, the problem of employee theft has been proposed to result from underpayment of the workers. In some cases though, the employees are encouraged into adopting the vice due to deficiency of stringent regulatory and punitive measures. Indeed, the theft cases may hold long-standing effects on the economy and to the employees at p ersonal levels. As such, it is often instrumental for appropriate response procedures to be adopted to withstand such cases. For instance, many firms have often been encouraged into adopting stringent regulations which, nevertheless, impact negatively on business performance. Therefore, it is famed that the measures adopted so far have been less effective considering the increase in incidences of theft and consequence collapses and insolvencies among many traditional firms.This debate is based on various objectives around which the aspect of employee theft revolves. Firstly, the study seeks to determine the internal and external business factors that precipitate employee theft. The study also seeks to determine the probable impacts of the theft cases to social and economic setups within and without the firm, and the implications of such business factors to the economy of the UK. In addition, the study seeks to ascertain what globalization and technological advancement in business administration means to employee theft. Further, the

AIDS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

AIDS - Essay ExampleThis disease has been marked as the minute or so frequent pathological groom crosswise the globe which has highlighted the fact that this condition is not qualified to a particular region but follows a world-wide pattern. It has been labeled as the first most common cause of death in Africa where it has been reported to lead to more than 20 part of the deaths in this particular region. Following the identification of the disease, it has been known to result in greater than 20 million deaths across the world. International health organizations have noted the severity of the issue and the World Health memorial tablet position forward the fact that 39.4 million mountain had AIDS or they had a present infection with sympathetic immunodeficiency virus in the year 2004 (Davidson et al 2009). The region of Africa has the highest number of people with this disease and 70 percent of the total AIDS patients belong to this region. The United States of America also h as a large number of people juting from the disease and in the year 2002, it was analyzed that 900,000 residents of the country had the disease. The disease serves as a enrol problem in the country as it has been analyzed to be the second life taking modestness amongst the males of the age group of 25 to 44 years in the country. Young children are also not spared and in the year 2002, it was found out that 800,000 more children were affected with this pathology which may result due to momentary of the virus from the mother to the child during birth or via breast feeding from infected mothers (Robbins et al 2005). and so it can be seen that a very large number of people are affected with this condition but many people avoid presenting their problems owing to the smear associated with this condition. Thesis AIDS is a global problem which affects a large number of people and these people should be assisted and societies should be created to assist these individuals. The stigma a ssociated with this condition is unjustified as the patients suffering from AIDS are like other patients who require help and assistance to overcome their condition. Support Jonathon Mann who was the director of the Global AIDS Program of the World Health Organization for this syndrome in the year 1987 already created insight into the stigmatizing aspect of AIDS. He explained that overcoming the social response associated with AIDS was highly important in tackling the issue of AIDS across the world. This problem associated with the condition of AIDS was again highlighted in the year 2000 by Peter Piot who was the executive director of UNAIDS. The stigma and the way the patients are treated negatively further increases the suffering of the people who have AIDS. These patients avoid coming forward owing to the fact that they major power be labeled in a negative manner (Parker 2002). It has been analyzed that the morals of the people who suffer from AIDS are questioned. An incident of a gynecologist who was suffering from AIDS is a very ingenuous example of this stigma. The doctor was widely publicized in the media and was criticized for risking the health of the patients who might be affected with the disease. A major stigma associated

High Note Report - Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

High Note history - Assignment - Essay ExamplePrimarily, the expansion of operations by many unfluctuatings has completely changed the manner in which the world operates. The barriers that hindered the abilities of people to interact and communicate across borders have diminished gradually. Therefore, the decision by HNG to attain wider markets is a step forward towards realizing potential and exploring supplementary opportunities that the company could not have enjoyed with the previous go posed by inadequate communication platforms (Koch, 2011).This paper, therefore, sets to dissect the changes in the business summonses that HNG will have to afford in order to blend its strategy fully with the market conditions and organizational expectations. Besides, it will explore how the intermission in the business processes will benefit from the implementation of open source packages such as the customer Relationship Management (CRM) and the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems .Consequently, the transformation in the channels and patterns of distribution importantly contribute to the changes in the business processes. These adjustments concern both the strategies of the firm and the infrastructure of distribution. Previously, HNG was a supply firm that capitalized on enhancing distribution services while facing the challenges of lowering the costs of distribution as per the requirements of the customers. However, with the fusion of Live Art Networks, the company aims at capturing larger markets and shifting the supply of equipment to the sale of equipment. The above inappropriate objectives could be realized by the opportunities availed by the technical development.According to the first requirement of Kotters 8-Step Change Model, the spring emphasizes the need to include urgency in the organization. Globalization obligates companies to embrace technology as part of the process of doing business internationally. Open sourcing is a community driven

Web Accessibility Standards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

weathervane Accessibility Standards - Essay ExampleThese standards provide the parameter, to make a place, website etc more easily accessible to people with disabilities. However, the standards are not same for every aspect of life that is to be do more accessible. The availableness standards are different for physical structure and for the electronic structure like websites because the accessibility need for both is different.The focus of web accessibility is primarily on two issues first creation the means of assessing electronic information by disabled users and the second being the good collaborative break of assistive devices on the web pages (Moss, pp. 23-25). In this regard, Web Accessibility Initiative provides guidelines known as Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (Moss, pp. 22-23). To date, two guidelines have been published known as WCAG 1.0 in 1999 and WCAG 2.0 in 2008 (Moss, pp. 24-26).The latest set of guidelines i.e. WCAG 2.0 is an improved version, which unlik e the previous version uses round-eyed language and real-world examples so that the guidelines are simple to understand. This document has eliminated some previous out of date version guidelines likeAlthough no development has been make in term of accessibility, considerations and they represent old issues. However, the five most important accessibility considerations, which the web developer is to pass on in his mind while designing and modifying any website are teeming media content accessibility Rich media like audio and video content is to be made accessible to all. Addition of transcripts and separate register track to the rich media help in it to be more accessible.Navigation As mostly glide system is based on graphics, making the image accessible will make navigation taxable right away. Use of access key and table index helps improve keyboard navigation.

Animals Unusual Behaviors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Animals peculiar Behaviors - Essay ExampleThe phenomenon is also common in both wildlife animals as well as kin pets like cats and dogs. However, it is often considered that animals belonging to wildlife have a greater brain that that of household pets. Apart from animals, in the take in of mammals or reptiles, some common insects, ants in particular, also show some droll style at the time of volcanic eruptions. We can infer to a certain degree that is superior instinct is present in animals due to closer connection with mother nature that they have as compared to gracious beings, who have grown much towards exploiting nature for the purpose of developing civilizations and urbanizations. Some example of animals is given at a lower place to elaborate the exact behavior they show according to their kind and habitation.Cats are a common clay of pets that most people would love to have. It can also be said about cats that they have a better responsive instinct towards their env ironment and are often attentive to abnormalities within their environment of existence. As a result, a common behavior among cats of different kinds, regions and breeds is observed as they mother jumping, hiding, running, trying to parry outside when they feel any danger of natural disaster. Pacing, hissing, or growling are also their whimsical behaviors that can be seen particularly at the time of any volcanic activity. Cats may try to hold in and look for a safe place such as refrigerators, cupboards, beds, sofas, shelves, etc. DogsIt can be justifiedly said that dog is mans best friend. This is because of the high degree of responsiveness they show towards human action and behavior. human race has often relied on dogs as a trustworthy pet, especially in case of emergency or calamity. Generally, dogs are considered the most devoted animal to owners. Dogs have an elevated sense and are almodal values typeset protect their owners. Before any natural disaster or any volcano e ruption, they also start behaving unusually. Generally, dogs do not hide like cats but start acting in the unusual dexterity HowlingBarkingAggressionWhiningIncreased devotion to owners Continuous movement around the doors or windows Sticking or following you like glue Before any volcanic eruption, some dogs may become more protective or aggressive while others will be fearful or act dejected. compensation attention to their personalities and individual needs and you will be able to avoid trouble. Drastic differences in the matter of advertised lost dogs and the animal shelter loads can precede quake activity in a specific area. Large increases in these numbers could give you a clue to up attack earth activity. 1Horses and LivestockThose animals that have hooves also start acting in an unusual way before any volcanic eruption. They are grouped together in open areas and behave in a nervous pattern or pace. In addition, these animals often abjure to enter their burns and pens, an d refuse to tie. Other AnimalsOther animals also act like disturbed animals by showing various types of unusual behaviors. Birds are a common example. A number of breeds of birds often show intelligent behaviors in the form of nesting and migration. A change of season can also be related to their migrating behavior. This means that they are faraway more conscious about the changing atmosphere. If we analyze the common type of volcano, we can see that there are volcanoes which do not erupt immediately rather

Case Study analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

fountain Study analysis - Essay ExampleTherefore, the dish up filling as identified by the teams recommendations will assist the organisation in prioritizing solutions to the pre-existing problems. For example, the review teams opinion of the Information Technology (IT) department shows that its current IT solution, GovSource has many undesired implications which lengthen the recruitment process (Stake, 2006). The team also identifies the inefficient modes of communication which cause delayed feedback from the interviewees referees and to the applicants. The use of process selection will, therefore, help the organisation to prioritize between these problems allowing them to come up with a SMART plan to condition their successful resolution. Meaning, the plan ought to be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time-bound. Process selection, therefore, proves to be advantageous to an organisation in the realizing of their commemorate targets (Yin, 2009). 1.1.2 Process ide ntification Process identification entails the definition of the scope of business processes, for example, an analysis of the scope of talents Seeks recruitment process. ... These meetings prove helpful because they help relay the clients requirements to natural endowment Seeks personnel. The preparation of application forms and advertising of the vacancy positions are an integral part of this chassis. The scope of the second phase (actual recruitment and selection) covers the evaluation processes used to sort through the applicants. The applicants evaluations happen through a similar meter during the evaluation phase. The scope of the second phase also covers the selection process, whereby, qualified candidates get selected to be offered Talent Seeks clients requirements (Kane, 2008). The scope of the final phase (appointment) covers the final consultations between Talent Seeks personnel and their clients, where introduction of the selected candidates occurs to the clients. It is in this stage that further negotiations between the recruits and their employers ensue, and, presentation of a formal transaction offer happens. In conclusion, process identification plays a key role in shaping the sentiment of organisations. This is because it outlines the scope of the processes within the organisation. This allows personnel to understand their roles (Ashly, 2003). References Ashly Downey. (2003). Recruitment Process Improvement. New Jersey Lee Moffitt . Kane, J. (2008, April 17 ,saturday). Recruitment Intelligence. Retrieved from Steps of the Recruitment Process and How to Identify Failure Points http//www.ere.net/2010/05/10/the-steps-of-the-recruiting-process-%E2%80%A6-and-how-to-identify-failure-points/ Mikel J. Harry, R. S. (2006). Six Sigma The discovery Management Strategy Revolutionizing The Worlds Top Corporations. New York Currency.

Midterm Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Midterm - Assignment ExampleThe present need involved a between-subjects design. This was pertinent in determining whether the participants who read a vignette near a 13 year experienced were as more likely to execration a defendant to LWOP as those who read a vignette about a 16 year old. In this context, the dependent variable was life without parole LWOP while the unconditional variable was the defendants term.There were two main variables to be examined in the present study LWOP and defendants age. The vignettes were randomly assigned to the participants. The participants recorded their responses for variable LWOP on a 5 menses Likert-type scale (1 = very unlikely, 5 = very likely). On the other hand, the variable defendants age had two categories 13-year old defendants and 16-year old defendants.The results (as in table 2) indicated lack of significant differences between participants who read a vignette about a 13-year old (M = 1.89, SD = 1.21) and participants who read a vignette about a 16-year old (M = 2.14, SD = 1.34) t(185) = 1.30, p = .19. This implies that the participants who read a vignette about a 13-year old were as likely to sentence the defendant to LWOP as those who read a vignette about a 16-year

American Society and Politics Nowadays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American Society and g everyplacenment Nowadays - Essay ExampleThose supporting stricter policies assert that illegal immigrants perpetuate poverty because they undermine benefits and requital stipulated for unskilled labor. When the laws are lenient, liberals and business owners in construction, food processing and hotel industries conspire to ignore the process of enforcing in-migration law. In politics, an influx of immigrants is a crucial boost to the forces that facilitated their entry into the country. As an example, in the 2012 elections, there were over 12 million Latinos that cast votes (Kerwin, Chishti & Bergeron 69). According to statistics, that figure represents 10 percent of the body of voters in the US and is capable of changing the political landscape. Census forecasts indicate that the Latino electorate alonSe is estimated to reach 29 million voters in 2016, which sets in motion the scramble for both the Democratic and Republican parties to court them and other sm aller immigrant groups (Kerwin, Chishti & Bergeron 74). However, when the immigration is not controlled, some unintended consequences may include higher crime rates, drug trafficking and the threat of terrorism. Therefore, this assuage leaves the debate for either stricter or lenient immigration policies.

NPV and IRR Capital Budgeting Tools Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

NPV and IRR Capital Budgeting Tools - Assignment ExampleBudget in the background of crown budgeting is the plan that describes in detail in lessens and outflows of revenue and expenses during the scheme life. The project life for this case is 10 years. Budget will show the company detail plan of capital inflows and outflows during the 10-year operation period of the aircraft. The two words together capital budget indicates a list of planned long-term investment outlays for projects. In this case, planned investment is to purchase angiotensin-converting enzyme of two aircrafts and make additional profits from its operation. Capital budgeting is the regularity used to determine which among long-term capital investment should be chosen. In this case, we are determining one project purchase of an aircraft. However, we are using two different aircrafts. For simplicity, two different aircrafts are considered as two separate projects. Capital budgeting process helps strategic plann ing committee pick up the option, which gives higher(prenominal) rate of exit considering time value factor of money. This is why it is important in strategic management. Without capital budgeting strategic management team will enter into a wrong selection. Question 2. Explain why the NPV and IRR capital budgeting tools are superior to the accounting rate of return and simple requital techniques for determining the attractor of capital investment opportunities. Answer. ...This method has two limitations. It does not consider cash inflows for the project beyond payback year, and time value of money. Example Given below cash flows of two different projects for the same(p) return rate, k = 10 %. Project Investment interchange flow Yr 1 Cash flow Yr 2 A $10,000 $0 $14,500 B $10,000 $ 10,000 $ 2,500 Payback method will select project B, since it pays of in one year. Net present value (NPV) The concept of NPV is included in the following formula, NPV = - initial Investment + Sum of pr esent value of all cash flows until the end of the project. The basis of this method is in evaluation of time value of future money. NPV measures the additional market value that is created or destroyed as a result of implementation of investment. Example Given below cash flows of two different projects for the same return rate, k = 10 % Project Investment Cash flow Yr 1 Cash flow Yr 2 A $10,000 $0 $14,500 B $10,000 $ 10,000 $ 2,500 NPV A = - 10,000 + 0 + 12,000 / (1+0.1) 2 = - 10,000 + 14,500 / 1.21 = - 10,000 + 11,983 = 1,983 NPV B = - 10,000 + 10,000 / (1+0.1) 1 + 2,500 / (1+0.1) 2 = - 10,000 + 9,090 + 2,066 = 1,156 According to NPV selection method both projects have NPV 0, but project A has higher value. With Payback method project B was selected, with NPV method project A is selected. Two-year cash flow calculation in NPV method shows that project A would maximize the investment. This cannot be said somewhat Payback method. Accounting rate of return This method ignores time value of money.

Conflict in Sri lanka Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Conflict in Sri lanka - test ExampleRecent absence of a full scale warfare and ceasefire had been of great value in this direction resulting in Governments concentrating on welfare measures and popular policies, much needed by the island country. It has also achieved the greatest goal of safeguarding quite a few innocent and misled lives. Unfortunately the violence has increased since then baneful to spread and spill over. When all other countries are marching towards better reforms, Sri Lanka had been languishing in civil war without any end or peace in sight and this aspect has literally put a stop to its further growth as a welfare state. The tropical island considered to be a nirvana once is like a death trap today.. There were no doubt other players quite an in the Tamil insurgency and most of them were but demanding a better deal for the Tamilians, for which they were definitely authorise to. Today, Jafna area has only tamilians, while Srilankans avoid the region for fea r of LTTE. The entire region is cordoned off by LTTE and is literally ruled by them. LTTE is facing the international accusation of recruiting children to its ranks, which is true. It is either feared or loved by local Tamilians and they help LTTE, willingly or under duress, by giving them information, saving them, running errands, belongings them informed of the army movements and thus, protecting them from every disaster.It is not easy to point out an exact sequence for the commencement of genesis of Tamil militancy. Tamil militancy in Srilanka has taken many forms and hues. Apart from a small minority of local Tamilians, a large number of Tamils migrated from the Southern Indian State of Tamilnadu (erstwhile Madras State) during British rule to work in the tea plantations of Ceylon (now Srilanka) and over the years, there set in a tone of voice that they had been conveniently and systematically ignored by the Government and rest of Srilankan population, semipolitically and so cially. Srilankan population had been predominantly Buddhists, a peace loving, friendly and cooperative lot, not very prone to frequent conflicts. With the tamilian youth being prevent and disheartened, it was left to a charismatic leader to establish his sway over them and mould them not only into a fanatic fighting group, but also to establish personal supremacy and power and this is merely what Vellupalli Prabhakaran did. There were cries and demands for a separate Eelam and Srilankan Government had put down such demands in a rather clumsy way earlier. When a terrorist movement was launched in 1970s, Srilankan Government was short-sighted enough to inflict loss of life, property, and heinousness on not only fighting Tamilians, but also on the innocent people, who had no aspirations of political supremacy. Tamilians were a minority, asking for their rights from the majority population of the country. Government was a bit undecided on the issue, as till then, Tamilians were seen more as a lower working class, than equal partners. Understandably, their demand for a independent region was put down. Tamilians made the mistake of asking for their legitimate demands mixed with a free Eelam. They would mystify been definitely successful, if they had asked only for the right to be considered and treated in par with the rest of the population. Government, disturbed by the Eelam demand, hesitated to give in, thinking if small demands were granted, bigger ones, especially the Eelam demand would follow and this

To what extent were Human Rights violated in Palestine by Israel since Research Paper

To what extent were Human Rights break in promised land by Israel since the war started in 1948 - Research Paper ExampleThe whole imperil comes from the issue of land and fights on who should take control. There has been some refugee who fled the original homes in the present sidereal day Israel, who finds the way to get back to their homes (Adwan, 30). This issue of going back has been a serious problem. For years, there cast been many trials to solve the problem but it led to more problems than good.There have been situations where Israel had put Palestine under suffocating military and Palestine had been terrorizing the Israel. The two dimensions of the rivalry have been worsened by wide bitter and the violent history existing between the two nations. Palestinians and Israelis have had divergent views of over live seventy plus years. Peace talks processes have been going on, but little look forward to has been seen because even the 1993 and 1995 Accord, which produced a gl immer hope, has faded away. Over these years of continued conflicts and fights many fundamental pitying rights of the people of Palestine (Coleman, 84).Owing to the fall of the Ottoman Empire after the First World War, the confederative supreme council granted the Britain the mandates to rule over the states of the Transjordan and Palestine, which in present day is Israel. It was in August 1920 when it was formally allowed in the Treaty, which was signed. The Arab and Zionist were present at the conference, where they signed the agreement, but it was never implemented (Coleman, 50). The terms and borders, which were qualify in the treaty, were not followed. The Eastern side was not supposed to be under any mandate. The judgement was used by British to build an autonomous Arab territory under the mandate that partially ibn Talal Hussein was fulfilling. The British handed the mandate of the eastern side to Hashemite Dynasty from Hejaz region. The mandate of Transjordan was terminat ed in 1946 when it gained independence. The Palestinian patriotism started when reacted to the

Resume Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 15

Resume - Essay ExampleI addition, I in condition(p) competence in reports on stock performance, delivering forecasts of revenue opportunities analyzing portfolio data and making recommendations about prospective chapiter investments that help in decision making of the firm.I have gained experience as a assert accountant at an internship as from January to April 2014 at cooperative bank. As a bank accountant I have prepared journal entries, posting to the general ledger and also posted the journal entries. I have also posted subsidiary ledgers and performed ledger accounts reconciliation. I also have prepared bullion position of the bank on daily, weekly and monthly basis to ensure the bank had sufficient money for making day-to-day transactions. I was also required to prepare stock reports and ensure the reports were viewed by the management. Moreover, I assisted during preparation of financial statements including a balance sheet, income evaluation statement, and cash flow illu strating statement. The internship session provide me with the experience of delivering solutions as an accountant in the bank and now am competent in that

Sigmund Freud Essay Example for Free

Sigmund Freud EssayConsequently, Watson proposed that psychologist should put in themselves to studying behaviour, since only this was measurable by more than one person. For Watson the only way psychology could be eat upn seriously was to emulate the natural sciences and become objective. Watsons form of psychology was known as behaviourism. In 1913, Watson was working in the field of animal psychology and thought that the term animals could include humans. Watson was not raise in the mental processes. He saw no role for the mind and consciousness. Watson thought behaviour was observable and therefore scientific.The mind and its thought processes were abstract and unobservable and therefore unscientific. Behaviourism was defined by Watson as the study of the association between a stimulus and a retort. Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) was a Russian physiologist studying the digestion of dogs, when he found that the science lab dogs could be conditioned to salivate without food. Th is learnt behaviour was called clear teach. Behaviourism began with the study of animals and experiments were pickings over from simply watching them in their natural environment.Thorndike (1911) was interested in human behaviour although he used animals for his experiments for ethical reasons. Thorndike used a puzzle rap with a complicated set of pegs and pulleys and watched as the animals attempted to escape. Eventually though running and error, the animal would manage to open the door and it was rewarded with food. So escaping from the box had become desirable. The animal would then be placed in the box again and after several(prenominal) repetitions the animal preformed the necessary response to open the door more quickly. Thorndike argued that the animal had learnt how to escape be crap of the reward.Thorndike called this the law of motion. If we equivalent the consequences of our actions then the actions be likely to be repeated. This kind of learning was known as opera nt conditioning and was studied in more detail by B. F Skinner (1874-1949) Skinner reiterated Thorndikes law of effect in his experiments with rats. Skinners approach to psychology was scientific. His views came from Darwins theories of evolution. Skinner focused on the environment as a cause for human behaviour. He did not think people acted for moral reasons he thought they reacted in response to their environment.A person might do a good thing not for moral reasons, hardly for the rewards received for the act. For Skinner the mental process is irrelevant. There is a key difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning involves in voluntary or innate behaviour such as salivating and fear responses. They can be elicited, which means you can do something that produces an involuntary response. Operant conditioning involves voluntary behaviours. Voluntary behaviours are those behaviours that cannot be made to happen.This means that you canno t get these behaviours until someone carries them out. Watson did a study in 1920 and it is a widely used example of how we learn. Albert was conditioned to show a fear response to rats that he initially liked and showed no fear. Watson used a hammer struck on a surface measure to make a loud noise. Albert showed a natural fear response to the loud noise. (Unconditional response) The bar was struck while Albert petted the rat. Eventually, Albert associated the loud noise with the rat and showed the fear response upon seeing the rat.(Conditional response) Watson claimed that emotional responses are learnt through conditioning. He concluded that environment shapes our personality and genetics play no part in our behaviour characteristics. There are ethical criticisms of the little Albert study, however the main criticism be to be that when the data was examined it showed that it was quite difficult to condition Albert and the fear did not last long. They had to repeat the pairing a good deal to strengthen the association between the loud noise and the rat.Although, the study advises that it was easy to condition Albert, the data suggest that it was not that easy and not that clear cut. Social learning theory assumes that personality differences result from differences in the learning experiences. This includes learning from observing others in addition to operant and classical conditioning. For example in expression acquisition, a child learns to talk by imitating the openhandeds. For social learning to occur, one individual must take away a sweet behaviour from another individual (the model) with no reinforcement required.For example, monkeys in the wild are afraid of snakes and display this fear with screeching and jumping up and down. Captive monkeys reared in a laboratory do not have this fear. Mineka and Cook (1988) studied how rhesus monkeys can learn this response. When lab reared monkeys sight the agitated behaviour of wild monkeys in response to a snake, they modified their behaviour to match the model. The monkeys seem to have learnt to display fear by watching the behaviour of other individuals. Bandura, Ross and Ross, (1961) set out to analyse whether children learnt, through observation to display aggression.Children aged between 3 and 6 years of age were disconnected into two groups. One group were exposed to a non-aggressive adult model. The other group were exposed to an adult model behaving aggressively, both physically and verbally to a blow up Bobo shuttlecock. The model punched, kicked and hit the doll with a mallet while the children observed this behaviour. The children were then taken to a room containing non-aggressive toys such as crayons, cars, a farm set and aggressive toys such as a dart gun a mallet and a Bobo doll.The children imitated the model with verbal and physical aggressive behaviour towards the Bobo doll. The findings demonstrated that observation and artificial could account for the lear ning of specific acts without reinforcement. Classical conditioning can justify some of the aspects of human behaviour, curiously natural fear responses. Taste aversion, phobias and Gulf War Syndrome can be explained this way. Classical conditioning has a wide range of applications in behaviour therapy and has been successful in treating phobias.However, it cannot explain the attainment of entirely new behaviours and it cannot explain all of human learning especially the diversity of human personality and characteristics. It does not take into account that humans are capable of insight learning and the results are achieved through reasoning, with no trial and error are present. Operant Conditioning can explain how children learn the sounds of words from adults. Nevertheless, it does not explain how children correct grammar, as parents do not reinforce grammar (Slobin 1975)BibliographyBrain C. (2000) Approaches and Methods. Nelson and Thornes Ltd. UKJarvis M. (et el) (2000) Angles on Psychology. Stanley and Thornes Ltd. UKAtkinson R.L. (et el) An Introduction to Psychology. (1981) Harcourt Brace College Publishers. regular army(Word count 2052)Beverley FieldenAccess Psychology

Cafeteria Food Essay Example for Free

Cafeteria Food EssaySome people think that school cafeterias should be required to supply low-fat and/or vegetarian lunch options to accommodate the governments nutritional guidelines, but in exclusively students do not eat the same. In my essay about cafeteria intellectual nourishment, I will explain what students want in their regimen. I will also share the likes and dislikes in the nutrition and what we can do to improve it. Cold pizza, undercooked hamburgers and embrown lettuce sounds nasty. Many students from different states and districts meet to deal with that every day at their schools. The food from the cafeterias used to be good, with a sweet flavor, but in the last few years the food had taken a different flavor, a flavor that cannot be tolerated by the students. The students need a better quality in their food, dont they? Its m for a change, a change to food, so students can be satisfied while their eating, a change to food that can be really worth it. As a matter of fact, we students pay money to the district every year and this is what we get? Its time for a change.Everybody knows that eating wakeless was from the past. However, now students and not necessarily sound students eat fast food like McDonalds or Taco Bell. Now everybody does, which can be a good and a foul thing. The changes of the foods tasting has made many students to not eat at school, or scour made students to bring lunch, and this as a matter of fact begins the school to lose money. In all actuality is the loss of money causing the school to give students poorly made food?If the schools would serve students food from places like Pizza Hut and Subway I can guarantee that most or all students would eat at the cafeterias and it would benefit to both school and students. These types of foods would be so great to have in schools, but unfortunately the district and the governments have taken action and unfairly, they have set down laws that remove these foods in th e schools. They have settled these laws because they want us as students to eat healthy, but if they want to grip us healthy, why are they giving us food with a bad and nasty taste?Also, with these laws they keep students like me away from eating too much junk food because they can cause obesity. But do they keep on giving us food that is not even worth the amount of money our parents give to the government every year? If they were the ones who eat all of the nasty food given by the cafeteria they would of get tired of eating cold pizza and uncooked hamburgers with brown lettuce just like we the students do.In conclusion, we all understand what the government and the school system is trying to do with this healthy eating program. They want to promote healthy eating habits in an safari to prevent obesity. Although nutrition is important, students observe that there is a better way to have healthy food without ruining the taste. Therefore, in an effort to keep students healthy and leave with their stomachs satisfied we should all come together to realize that we are the ones that have to make it through the school day with the food.

Fahrenheit 451 Essay Example for Free

Fahrenheit 451 try outFahrenheit 451 was written by Ray Bradbury and in this book I will be lecture about on how this book is related to the theme security review. I will be proving why security review is related to the book. So why is the theme censorship important in the novel?Point ICensorship was a very important theme in Fahrenheit 451 in a circularize of different ways one of them is since people argon not allowed to read books, so that is the most uttermost(a) form of censorship that exists. So according to Montag he said I just want individual to hear what I have to say. And maybe if I talk long enough, itll make sense. This means that aught understands him the way Clarisse does. Here is an separate one, so in this statement Captain Beatty says Its real beauty is that it destroys righteousness and consequences. So he is saying that books dont open peoples minds they destroy them it doesnt show how they learn, but we know that its not true, since some books do he lp us in life.And one very interesting fact about the book is when Ray Bradbury wrote about the book it was in the McCarthy era, and he as concerned about the censorship in the United States. So he got an composition about it and image about it, and so Fahrenheit 451 was born.Point II In the paperback edition released in 1979, Ray Bradbury wrote a new coda for the book containing multiple comments on censorship and its relation back to the novel. The coda is also present in the mass market paperback, which is still in print. At other times, Ray Bradbury explained the theme of the book differently. Bradbury observed that the novel touches on the alienation of people by media. another(prenominal) thing is that this book and theme does have a message for all of us, its that the anticensorship message has a great deal been cited by opponents of book banning in the United States. This means people also have to liveliness out on what they are reading. Point III Another thing that I would like to maneuver out is that the book explains on how Firemen also burn books, that there is censorship since they are using their materials not for job purposes but for just burning books. And that Captain Beatty there leader just cares about how his firemen stop the job, that another censorship since Beatty only cares about the money.Also how in one of the quotes a pointed out was when Montag wishes that he could be heard, he wishes that people can understand him better. That is another sign of censorship, you also cant even touch a book, well you can but people say that they are panicked of books, and even admiting a book is illegal so this book does have a lot of censorship on it. Here is one very good statement in the book that I thought was good it was said by Captain Beatty according to him he said What traitors books can be You view theyre backing you up, and they bring out on you. Others can use them too, and there you are, lost in the middle of the moor, in a gr eat welter of nouns and verbs and adjectives. Which is significant because he is saying that when you read books you keep on schooling which is good but for Beatty its just nonsense and these books can turn you into something good, but for Beatty he thinks that youll turn into a bad influence for children.Conclusion So all in all this is why the books of import theme is censorship lots or burning books, no one can even own or touch a book and how people dont even know if books are bad or good.

Covent Garden Essay Example for Free

Covent tend EssayIn this quadrangle the Abbey or Convent of St. Peter, Westminster, maintained a large kitchen garden throughout the Middle Ages to provide its free-and-easy food. Over the next three centuries, the monks old convent garden became a major source of growth and vegetables in capital of the United Kingdom and was managed by a succession of leaseholders by grant from the Abbot of Westminster. This type of lease finally led to property disputes throughout the kingdom, which King Henry VIII solved in 1540 by the chance event of a pen when he dissolved the monasteries and appropriated their let down. King Henry VIII granted part of the land to John Russell, Baron Russell, Lord High Admiral, and later Earl of Bedford. In fulfilment of his fathers dying wish, King Edward VI bestowed the remainder of the convent garden in 1547 to his maternal uncle, Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset who began building Somerset House on the southeastward side of The Strand the next yea r. When Seymour was beheaded for treason in 1552, the land once again came into magnificent gift, and was awarded four months later to one of those who had contributed to Seymours downfall. Forty acres (160,000 m? ), known as le Covent garden plus the long acre, were granted by royal patent in perpetuity to the Earl of Bedford. edit 1600s to 1800sThe modern-day Covent Garden has its roots in the early seventeenth century when land (the Convents Garden) was redeveloped by Francis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford. The atomic number 18a was knowing by Inigo Jones, the first and greatest of English Renaissance architects. He was inspired by late fifteenth Century and early 16th century planned food market towns known as bastides (themselves modelled on popish colonial towns by way of nearby monasteries, of which Convent Garden was one). The area rapidly became a base for market traders, and following the Great Fire of London of 1666 which destroyed rival markets towards the east of the city, the market became the most in-chief(postnominal) in the country. Exotic items from around the world were carried on boats up the River Thames and sold on from Covent Garden.The first credit rating of a Punch and Judy show in Britain was recorded by diarist Samuel Pepys, who saw much(prenominal) a show in the square in May 1662. Today Covent Garden is the only part of London licensed for street entertainment. In 1830 a grand building reminiscent of the Roman baths such as those found in Bath was built to provide a more permanent trading centre. edit modern-day day period By the end of the 1960s, traffic congestion in the surrounding area had reached such a level that the use of the square as a market, which required increasingly large lorries for deliveries and distribution, was proper unsustainable. The whole area was threatened with complete redevelopment.Following a public outcry, in 1973 the Home Secretary, Robert Carr, gave piles of buildings around the square liste d building status, preventing redevelopment. The following year the market finally moved to a raw site (called the New Covent Garden Market) about three miles south-west at Nine Elms. The square languished until its primal building re-opened as a shopping centre and tourist attr kneadion in 1980. Today the shops generally sell novelty items. More serious shoppers gravitate to Long Acre, which has a range of clothes shops and boutiques, and Neal Street, storied for its large number of shoe shops. Londons Transport Museum and the rear entrance to the Royal Opera House are also located on the Piazza.The marketplace and Royal Opera House were memorably brought together in the opening of George Bernard Shaws play, Pygmalion, where Professor Higgins is waiting for a cab to take him home from the opera when he comes crosswise Eliza Doolittle selling flowers in the market. In the mid 1950s, before he directed such films as If and O Lucky Man, Lindsay Anderson directed a short film about the daily activities of the Covent Garden market called all(prenominal) Day Except Christmas. It shows 12 hours in the life of the market and market people, now long bypast from the area, but it also reflects three centuries of tradition in the operation of the daily fruit and vegetable market.Alfred Hitchcocks 1972 film, Frenzy, also takes place amongst the pubs and fruit markets of Covent Garden. The serial sex killer in Frenzy is a local fruit vendor, and the film features several blackly comic moments suggesting a metaphorical correlation between the consumption of food and the act of rape-murder. Hitchcock was the son of a Covent Garden merchant and grew up in the area and so, the film was partly conceived (and marketed) as a semi-nostalgic return to the neighbourhood of the directors childhood. Supermodel Naomi Campbell was also discovered by a model scout at the age of 15 whilst walking through the streets of Covent Garden.

Quiz and Final Exam Study Guide Essay Example for Free

screen and last exam Study Guide EssayThe examinezes and net exam are open book, open notes. The maximum term you put forward spend on a essay is 45 minutes. On the utmost you will read 3 hours and 30 minutes. If you have not clicked the demo For Grade button by the end of the dole out time, you will be automatically exited from the exam. In the final exam environment, the Windows clipboard is disabled, so you will not be able to copy exam questions or answers to or from other applications. 2. You should click the Save Answers button in the exam frequently.This helps prevent connection timeouts that might occur with certain Internet Service Providers, and also minimizes muzzy answers in the event of connection problems. If your Internet connection does break, when you reconnect, you will normally be able to condense back into your final exam without any trouble. Remember, though, that the exam timer continues to run while students are disconnected, so students sho uld try to re-login as quickly as possible.If you lose your Internet connection during a quiz or the final exam, logon again and try to access it. If you are unable to enter it again, first contact the help Desk and then your instructor. * You will always be able to see the time remaining in the quiz or final exam at the top right of the pageboy. 5. There are multiple pages on the final exam. * Make sure you click the Save Answers button before advancing to the next page (we also suggest clicking on Save Answers while you are working). Complete all of the pages before submitting your Final Exam for instructor review. * Do NOT expenditure your browsers Back and Forward buttons during the final exam. * Please use the provided links for navigation.Submitting your quiz or final exam * When you are finished with a quiz or the final exam, click on the Submit for Grade button. * Please note Once you click the Submit for Grade button, you will NOT be able to edit or change any of your ans wers. 7. Quiz and Exam Questions * On each quiz, there are 10 multiple-choice questions each worth 5 points and one national question worth 10 points for a total of 30 points. On the final exam, there are 30 randomly selected multiple-choice questions each worth 5 points and 5 essay questions worth 30 points for a total of 300 points (150 multiple choice points, 150 essay points). * The final exam covers all course TCOs and Weeks 1-7. * The quizzes only cover the TCOs for that week. * The final exam contains 3 pages, which can be completed in any order. You may go back and forth between the pages. * The quiz and final exam questions are pooled. This gist that not everyone will have the same questions. Even if you do have some of the same questions, they may not be in the same order.These questions are distributed amongst the TCOs. * On the essay questions, your answers should be succinct, fully language each part of the question, and demonstrate your knowledge and understanding in a concise but complete answer. Most essay questions require answers that are a copulate of paragraphs (not a couple of sentences) that directly speak to each part of the question. Some students opt to work on the essay questions first, due to their higher point value and length of time needed to adequately address each question, but this is entirely your choice. * Remember to always use proper citation when quoting other reference works.This means that ANY borrowed sensible (even a short phrase) should be placed in quotation marks with the source (URL, author/date/page ) immediately following the end of the passage (the end quote). Changing a few words in a passage does NOT constitute putting it in your have words and proper citation is still required. Borrowed natural should NOT dominate a students work, but should only be used sparingly to support your own thoughts, ideas, and examples. Heavy usage of borrowed material (even if properly cited) can jeopardize the points for that question. Uncited material can jeopardize a passing grade on the exam.As a part of our commitment to academic integrity, your work may be submitted to turnitin. com, an online plagiarism checking service. So please be VERY mindful of proper citation. 8. Some of the key contain areas are below. epoch these are key areas, remember that the exam is comprehensive for all of the assigned course content and this study guide may not be all inclusive. The same goes for the quizzes there may be material on the quiz that was part of the material for that week, but is not specifically listed here in the study guide.

Three Presidential Administrations Essay Example for Free

Three Presidential Administrations EssayI have chosen three presidential administrations that to my opinion had the greatest impact on the development of the the Statesn nation. These are the administrations of Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt. I am termination to demonstrate that these administrations shaped Americas political, scotch and financial model as well as laid the foundations of its modern contradictory policy. I am going to consider the three administrations separately, and compare and course them in the conclusion of this paper. Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)Roosevelts presidency marked the beginning of the XX century for America with a completely new-fashioned style of administration. As a steward of the people Roosevelt introduced a new persuasion of a president as a mouthpiece of the public good. At that he aimed to turn the governing into an organizing power and arbiter of the national economic forces, including two large slap -ups and workers. Striving to provide fair contention in the national economy Roosevelt became known as a trust buster when he crisply pursued the enforcement of the Sherman piece. On the other hand he declared the need for social reforms and social union that were necessary in order for capitalism to survive in America thencely laying chthonianstanding for modern American socioeconomic model.It appears that Roosevelt has not distinguished social and environmental issues that are viewed separately in our times. Although being a passionate hunter, he fostered study character-oriented measures including significant increase of the national forests area and major irrigation projects. A link between social and environmental matters can be found in plain Food and Drug Act that has been passed during Roosevelts presidency. Roosevelt was extremely concerned with public health believing that nature protection is a part of social policy.In the international arena Roosevelt made Ameri ca both and active player and an arbiter for international disputes. He placed Panama into the range of American interests and change magnitude the US influence in Central America by allowing construction of the Panama Canal under US control. As a mediator in the international disputes he intervened into the bout between Venezuela and European nations with a proposition to settle the conflict in the International Court of Arbitration, and, most remarkably, mediated during the mollification talks between Japan and Russia in 1905 that contributed greatly to Americas world(a) prestige. It can thus be observed that Theodore Roosevelts presidency marked the beginnings for establishment of both US home policies in the social, economic and environmental fields and foreign policy as a global player and a global arbiter.Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921)Just like Roosevelt, Wilson believed that a president should first and foremost act as a representative of the people. And, just as Roosevelt, Wi lson continued the course for establishment of partnership between large capital and the society. In order to normalize national finances he persuaded two major measures. Firstly he won the Congress support for Underwood Act that decreased overall tariff and eliminated tariff for such items as steel and wool, as well as established the Federal income tax as a unified basis for national taxation. Secondly he succeeded in passing the Federal Reserve Act providing the nation with the necessary supply of funds.Financial reforms were followed by social ones. In 1916 a new law prohibited child labor and limited the length of the working day to eight hours for some categories of workers. all the same some of Wilsons measures in the social sphere are at least controversial. This includes his support to formal segregation in the universities and state offices that has been finally eliminated only half a century later.Not little controversial was Wilsons foreign policy. Having won his se cond elections as a man who protected America from war he steady caused the Congress to declare Americas entry to the European conflict making WWI really global. Arms contract resulted in economic boost, while Wilsons position during the subsequent quietude talks was a major factor that produced interwar global order, including foundation of the League of Nations. Perhaps Wilson candidly strived to make WWI a war that would put an repeal to all wars and it is not the fault of his administration that the Versailles trunk collapsed in twenty years.Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945)F.D. Roosevelt is literally a person to whom America owes its present influence and prosperity. He became a leader of a nation that experienced dramatic economic and social crisis and has been withdrawing to isolationism from the rest of the world. By the end of his presidency America was the mightiest economy of the leader of the western nations. In the sphere of home policy Roosevelt demo how state in terference can contribute to economic revival, while in foreign policy he managed to win wars before first shots were made.Roosevelts New Deal provided relief to the tens of millions of the unemployed by canalizing this potentially dangerous energy to the national projects like highways construction and working in the rural areas. Such new bodies as Federal Emergency Relief Administration, Civilian Conservation Corps, Public Works Administration and verdant Adjustment Administration were designed as state bodies that were to organize the unemployed to perform public work thusly providing them with jobs and salary. Roosevelts financial policy was more contradictory, including confiscation of privately owned gold and securing of economic growth by major loans that dramatically increased the national debts. Although the economy has been partially recovered, America was still too weak to play a decisive role in the global policy at the eve of the valet de chambre War II.Roosevelts ad ministration was extremely successfull in combining economy and foreign policy. The land-lease program advocated by Roosevelt both provided outstanding economic growth and allowed America to shape the course of the global war by economic and financial means. Whether Japan would attack Pearl-Harbor or not, America was already take part in the war as non-belligerent ally of Great Britain and USSR. Roosevelt championed in raking up the fire with the hands of the others, and in 1945 America was the only among Allied nations that has not suffered military devastation and whose economy allowed it to set the tone during peace conferences. Although Roosevelt died before the war was over, it was his effort that made America the only real winner in the World War II.Concluding the paper it can be observed that each of the three mentioned presidential administrations had to process with similar problems and proposed similar solutions. In the home policy this included major economic and financ ial reforms that were to correspond the social development of America, while in the foreign policy this was a race for global leadership eventually won by the USA. Although Theodore Roosevelt demonstrated commitment to free economy and his homonym used state hindrance to the economy, and although the views of Americas place in the world differed from Wilson to F.D. Roosevelt, their basic course was the same. It included establishment of socially oriented competitive economy and promotion of America to the position of the global leader and arbiter.

Attitude change Essay Example for Free

Attitude change Essay technology also brought about a change in attitude to galore(postnominal) employees beca theatrical role of its psycheal approach where despite the fact that it allows teams to dissemble together it is also an elevated partner for individual tasks to get done. Craiger JP (2006) claims that engineering resulted to a generation of employees who ar self starters and business solvers. By using technology employees learned to work indep closeently, even if they are also dealing with their work teams and get down team initiatives on the side. For instance, an employee who does non have a desktop computer or does not recognize how to use one lead have to depend on an encoder or a secretary for files to be encoded, taking two people to finish one document. When errors occur, it will be an accountability of two people. Often, when the coast of error was crossed is impossible to determine. On the other hand, an employee who has a desktop computer and know s how to hold in it fundament type documents himself and be accountable for the whole task. It will also take s set uptily one person for the task to be completed.Computer users and the proficiently inclined employees are not the only ones who had an attitude change. Those who do not have access code to technological innovations in their respective departments were also encouraged to learn how to operate the new gadgets to be able to contribute to the growth of the company and, of course, to avoid being left behind. For apprehension of being retrenched or laid off by the company for the benefit of accommodating people who butt work with the innovations that the organization is adapting, employees are more open than ever to learn new skills specially those that are technological.The same attitude change affects pipeline applicants, who are otherwise not yet members but intending to generate members of an organization. Job applicants are now putting more effort in getting at to the lowest degree the frankst technological skills and know-how to get an edge in their job-hunting process, especially with the fact that the younger graduates are more agonistical in this area of knowledge. Issues Most of the changes brought about by technology to worryes were positive. The claims cannot be far from the truth.Technology was created to playact in convenience and efficiency, which is what it delivered right from the very start. However, there are also notions as to how technology has for the most part affected the way in which employees and organizations function, albeit on a negative light. Communication? Contrary to above claims that technology helped the culture of teams to flourish, and that communication became easier with new innovations that companies were investing on, computers and other technological equipment is also blamed for the grade in organizational communication.Craiger JP (2006) stressed that computers did not allow employees to commu nicate until networks were created. There was a great assign between employees who are operating(a) the new facilities, and those who are not. There is also a sub-divide between employees operating the new equipment. The great divide between employees occurs from the very start, when not all employees have access to technology. people who have the know-how are roomed in with the computers, and those who are thus far on manual work stay in regular cubicles where other employees are present, allowing for inter personalized communication.After ofttimes development, majority of employees in many an(prenominal) organizations gained access to computers. The problem which turned out later on concerned the transferring, sharing, and merging of files and discipline within the organization. born(p) is the network, and things went well. Employees can drag and drop selective information from and to a colleague, and even share pleasantries with each other on the side. This is where the c ommunication problem began. The problem with technology is that it allows people to be convenient.In fact, employees felt too much convenience that the simplest things are often put on the hands of technology. For instance, instead of dropping by to the close cubicle of a co-employee, one just has to click on some icons and send her message through the computer. The technologically-driven workplace also slowly transformed into an impersonal workplace where every bit of thing was coursed through technology. This posed miscommunication problemsmessages and files which were not received, lost files, misinterpretation of messages, errors in routing messages, and so on.The list is boundless, but the solution is not far from reach as well. To aid this problem, companies must orient new employees and train existing employees on the art of effective communication, as well as the fit use of company technology. With proper information and education, it is possible for companies to be techno logically inclined but still effective in their communication. Re-trainings and new hiring A necessity for many companies who are just starting their technological stance is the re-training of employees.Companies cannot expect all of their employees to be familiar with the jargons and processes of technology once it is initiated in the company. There is also the need for people to maintain the equipment and to troubleshoot them in case something wrong happens. Thus, even if majority of the existing employees know how to operate technological equipment, the company still needs to hire additional people or get an outsourced service for these. This, however, does not sacrifice the cost-effectiveness of business technology.Even if a company spends for additional people or service, the be that it will incur will still be offset by the multiplicity of role that business technology can undertake. A well-behaved way to minimize the costs in this area is to train employees, including those knowledgeable, on the proper use and maintenance of the equipment and by developing guidelines for reporting any problem or damage so that proper and timely intervention can be made. Telecommuting woes A point of debate in the technological workplace is the telecommuting option for employees.This has long been a trend, which proved to be convenient for both telecommuters and their companies. With off-site jobs, telecommuters need not travel to their workplace and be stuck with an office routine. They can also perform personal tasks while working, and avoid the pressure of being confined in an office cubicle. For companies, it saves them the office space the employee needs, and the costs of electricity and other provisional expenses of keeping an employee on the job site.However, human resources managers have one problem with keeping and working with telecommuters and off-site employees in the organization execution appraisal and monitoring. When an employee works off the job site, he holds his time and place. He may be calling a client for a display while waiting for the kids for a drive to the school, and meet the client for a lunch meeting just before going to the grocery for some things needed for dinner. While this requires incredible discipline for tasks to get done, there is no guarantee that all telecommuters have the required character it takes.This brings about the importance of monitoring and performance appraisal, which is an equally grueling task for human resource persons to do with telecommuters. But for many companies, the solution is easy. monitor and performance appraisal can be largely dependent on one thing end product. Telecommuters should be given deadlines and work expectations, and they should in turn give back results. This can prove when an off-site employee has the discipline it takes to work away from work, of he needs to work with the boss around.Privacy issues The ease of organizing work teams is undoubtedly one of the better be nefits of modern technology to organizations, but it is not also ideal at all. With the convenient dragging and dropping of information throughout the network of technologically driven companies, it is easy for information to leak and for concealing seals to be broken. On a smaller plate, it can be as simple as one employee stealing the proposal of another employee or one team member taking full credits to the collaborative work of a work team.On a larger scale it can be the theft of significant company information, or the leak of personal information of employees. This is a possibility to which all companies are susceptible. The exposure of an organization to modern technology, especially that which binds the company to networking, also puts many of its information and exchanges out in the open. Companies, however, need not fret. As privacy has been an utmost concern for many developers of technology, many solutions are now obtainable for companies to protect themselves and their systems.A wide range of products are available to suit many companies generic needs, and many developers have come up with security measures that can be customized according to the needs and preferences of an organization. It should be noted, though, that security software and technology does not erase the possibility of privacy issues from taking place. While it can secure much of a companys information, proper mete out and understanding of privacy clauses and measures by employees are equally important. Too fast and too furious some other issue concerning companies is the fast turnover of technological trends. New computers and gadgets are introduced everyday, and what is trendy today can be obsolete in a matter of months. While there are companies who are true to their subscription of technology, and arrive at to invest in newer, better models to improve their standing and service, not all companies can keep up. It can be disheartening for an organization to invest thousands o f dollars in innovations, only to find themselves looking for an upgrade months after.Technologys game is simple the newer, the better. However, this game should not work for companies as well as they have financial books to consider. For business technology, the key is that whichever fits the company best is the better alternative. Unless very necessary, companies should not feel pressured in constantly buying new equipment every so often to keep up with competition. Delivery of good products and service is what matters most.

Product costing and cost accumulation in a batch production environment Essay Example for Free

Product be and cost accumulation in a batch yield environs EssayAs production takes place, manufacturing cost atomic number 18 tracked in the Work-in-Process Inventory account. Every product is made up of troika cost comp wiznts drive materials, direct labor, and manufacturing smash-up. After products are completed, the corresponding cost leaves the Work-in-Process account and is debited to the Finished-Goods account. (A merchandising unswerving buys its goods already completed and directly debits the items cost to Merchandise Inventory.)When units are change, the Finished-Goods Inventory account is credited and price of Goods Sold is debited. A product-costing remains must be adapted to match the environment in which it ope calculates.A job-order costing system is used in an industry where products are made individually, or in relatively small batches, and one product or batch is readily distinguishable from the other.Candidates for job-costing systems would be utili sation homebuilding, custom printing, custom furniture construction, legal cases, medical cases, audits, and research projects.A fulfill-costing system is employed in an environment at the other end of the continuum the mass production of like units. Users might include manufacturers of chemicals, gasoline, and microchips. This way out is discussed richly in Chapter 4.4.ACCUMULATING COSTS IN A JOB-ORDER COSTING SYSTEMA job-cost record is used to hoard up the unquestionable direct materials, veridical direct labor, and apply manufacturing command processing overhead time costs for each job. The recording of costs on this record and in the general ledger is triggered by various source documents.Material require forms authorize the transfer of direct materials from the warehouse to production. In many firms, the requisitions are based on a bill of materials that lists all of the materials (e.g., parts) needed.Supply compassthe flow of all goods, redevelopments, and culture into and out of the organization. The supply chain a good deal has ramifications for materials, as manufacturers plump with vendors to achieve improved delivery schedules and reductions in material cost.Time records are used to gather the amount of direct labor worked on a specific job.Manufacturing overhead is entered on the job-cost record in the form of apply (i.e., estimated) overhead. Source documents, such as invoices for factory insurance and schedules for factory depreciation, trigger a general-ledger entry that debits the Manufacturing Overhead account.5. hit APPLICATIONOverhead accounting involves a number of steps. Chapter 3 focuses on the final step the practical finish of overhead to jobs and products.Although overhead cannot be directly traced to the product, the use of an application ramble should allocate an equitable amount of cost to each job (known as overhead application). whole tone 1 Set a predetermined overhead rate at the beginning of the accounting pe riod. This is through by dividing the periods estimated (budgeted) overhead by the periods estimated number of cost-driver units.Step 2 Use the predetermined overhead rate to apply an equitable portion of overhead to each job. As the actual number of cost-driver units used on a job becomes known, it is multiplied by the predetermined overhead rate.Actual overhead costs incurred during the grade are debited to the Manufacturing Overhead control account. In contrast, applied overhead is debited to Work-in-Process Inventory and credited to Manufacturing Overhead.The year-end end between actual and applied amounts is known as over-or underapplied overhead. This figure is adjusted in the process of closing the Manufacturing Overhead account to zero by eitherCharging or crediting the amount to cost of goods sold. This admission is acceptable if the over- or underapplication is small or if most of the products made during the period have been sold.Prorating the amount among work in proc ess, sunk goods, and cost of goods sold.Teaching percentage point Emphasize that under- and overapplied overhead is the difference between actual and applied overhead, not actual and budgeted overhead. The budgeted figure is used solely in the determination of the predetermined rate.6. blanket(a) ILLUSTRATION OF JOB COSTINGAs noted earlier, the Work-in-Process Inventory account contains charges for direct materials used, direct labor, and applied manufacturing overhead.Period costs are expensed and not charged to Manufacturing Overhead.A sale requires dickens daybook entries one to record the sales revenue and another to transfer the goods cost from Finished-Goods Inventory to Cost of Goods Sold.Teaching Tip Although the text illustration appears relatively complicated, it is simply presenting the details that accompany the flow of goods (and costs) from work in process, to finished goods, to cost of goods sold.7.FINANCIAL SCHEDULES FOR MANAGERSThe schedule of cost of goods man ufactured details the activity in the Work-in-Process account (beginning balance, direct materials used, direct labor, applied overhead, and ending balance).The schedule of cost of goods sold details the activity in the Finished- Goods Inventory account. It is equivalent to the cost-of-goods-sold schedule as shown in financial accounting courses for merchandising companies, except the purchases amount is replaced with cost of goods manufactured.8.FURTHER ASPECTS OF OVERHEAD APPLICATIONActual and normal costingAccountants p impact predetermined application rate, which are used in a normal-costing system. Such rates help to smooth product costs over magazine and abandon users to cost products/jobs upon completion.In contrast, users of actual-costing systems derive an actual overhead rate at the end of the accounting period. Product-cost information to management is therefore delayed.Choosing an appropriate cost driverDirect labor has been a very gross and appropriate cost driver. P ast processes were labor intensive, and products incurring more labor often produced higher amounts of manufacturing overhead.Today, many processes are automated and less dependent on labor. Thus, firms now use machine hours, process time, throughput (cycle) time (the average amount of time to convert raw materials into finished goods), and other measures as cost drivers. undivided vs. multiple overhead ratesCompanies commonly use multiple (rather than single) application rates. With computerized accounting systems, multiple rates are easily generated, thus lowering the cost of producing highly accurate information.A single overhead rate is commonly known as a plantwide rate multiple rates are often known as departmental rates.Two-stage cost allocationStage one Overhead is first compile in production departments. This frequently requires the allocation of service department costs to production departments.Stage two As a final step, production department costs are assigned to indivi dual jobs and products via overhead application.9.PROJECT COSTINGProject costing refers to job costing in a nonmanufacturing environment. Jobs in this case refer to cases, contracts, and/or programs.Costing involves tracking the direct, easily traceable costs and subdividing them by project. Overhead is then applied by using a predetermined rate, with a possible application base being a projects direct professional labor cost.Technology such as bar coding may be used to track appropriate costs to projects, although this is just one of many possible applications. Service providers, along with manufacturers, are also making use ofElectronic data interchange (EDI), which involves the electronic transfer of information from one organization to another by using a computer-to-computer interface.Extensible markup language (XML), which is web-based and allows users to share incorporate data such as product order lists and price data.Teaching OverviewI begin the topic of job costing by expl aining that students should not expect to apply a so-called standard system to any real-world company, because cost systems must be designed to meet a firms unique needs. However, the two traditional system models, job order and process costing, give users the ability to build-in various modifications for use in actual situations.The major difficulty that students encounter in job costing is the concept of manufacturing overhead. The first area needing clarification is terminology, that is to sayEstimated = budgetedApplied = allocatedIncurred = actualThe second area in need of clarification is the sequence of procedures for overhead application calculating predetermined overhead rates, using the rates, and adjusting the over- or underapplied amount. This problem stems from the fact that students are doing textbook assignments where all the information is given simultaneously. Therefore, the question arises, Why use an imperfect predetermined overhead rate when I have all the total ly correct, actual data in the next paragraph? It is utile to be on the lookout for this line of thinking when discussing homework assignments and to remind students how and when information becomes available in the real world. (I suspect this is a problem mainly for undergraduates with limited work experience.)Based on many years of teaching, I also find that students struggle with the journal entries required to handle a sale. Two entries are needed one to transfer the cost of units sold from finished goods to cost of goods sold another is needed to record revenue. Students often forget one or the other or render some creativity, creating a new account entitled Profit on Sale. Be sure to expend a few extra minutes with this issue.After the preceding issues have been handled, students generally are kind of interested in job-costing concepts, particularly those who have worked in a family business or who plan to find their own business. Students are also interested in job costi ng in a service enterprise (discuss something as basic as the activities of a sports agent who represents clients across the country) and the impact of changing manufacturing techniques (such as the acquisition of new, state-of-the-art production technology) on product-costing procedures.I recommend Exercise 3-35 (manufacturing overhead) and Problem 3-46 (job costing and journal entries) as lecture demonstration problems.

The Dred Scott Decision Essay Example for Free

The Dred Scott ratiocination EssayThe Dred Scott decision of 1865 had many implications on the status of wanton blacks in the unify States, along with the imagination of popular sovereignty, and the future of slaveholding in America.Dred Scott was a slave who moved in with his master to the empty state of Illinois. He claimed that residence in a free state made him a free man, and he fought for his freedom all the way to the Supreme Court (1865). Chief Justice Taney ruled that since blacks could non be citizens, they had no right to sue in a federal court. The court in like manner went advertize and said the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional.This decision greatly affected the status of free blacks in the United States. They were not allowed any additional rights due to the fact that they were not citizens. Therefore, they could not advance in party socially, and otherwise. Because of this, they could not vote and freely voice their opinions as the Constitution di d not apply to them.The Dred Scott decision also had many implications on the concept of popular sovereignty. It was questioned that if Congress could not exclude slaves from a territory, how could a holy territorial legislature do so? Until statehood was granted, bondage seemed as unprofaned as freedom of religion or speech or any other civil liberty guaranteed by the Constitution. Where formerly freedmen (as guaranteed in the carte of Rights) was a national institution and slavery a local one, now according to the Court, slavery was nationwide, as was excluded only where states specifically abolished it. This meant that popular sovereignty had virtually no jurisdiction in the aspect of slavery in a territory, because slavery was only abolished if a state specifically said so.The future of slavery was also impacted upon by the Dred Scott decision. It convinced thousands that the South was engaged in an aggressive attempt to belong the peculiar institution so far that it could n o longer be considered peculiar. Although slavery was eventually outlawed, at that time it seemed that there was to be no end.

Technical Education Essay Example for Free

Technical Education raiseAccording to hu manhood necessitate, study can be divided into three parts Social or political study Spiritual Education Vocational or Technical- Education. Education that teaches us how to live in a society is called social or political education. Education that develops our personality and character may be termed as Spiritual Education. Then, education that teaches us how to earn our living is named as Vocational Education. Technical education is a branch of Vocational Education. By Technical Education we mean education dealing with several(prenominal) practical or mechanical art. Technical education includes training in trade Commerce, carpentry, weaving, agriculture, medicine and engineering. Its declargon oneself is to provide instruction and training in skills that have a practical utility. It helps us to meet the needs of the Industrial Age. We ar looking for ways to decrease the dropout rate. I am pretty sure, if we eliminate rush and tec hnical education, we are going to increase the dropout rate. (Michael Enzi)Technical Education is actually important in the red-brick age.America, Britain, France, Russia and China are rich, prosperous and resourceful because of their progress in technical education. It produces engineers, Builders, doctors, and mechanics who are very useful in an industrial society. It is the only answer to the problems of our expanding economy. It produces doers and stoolers. These workers make real and important contribution to the social welfare of society. We are able to increase the material resources of our sphere through Technical education.It promote the material successfulness and economic advancement. It has a great educational value also as it imparts dexterity quickness, attention to detail, raiment of neatness and orders People begin to have faith ig the dignity of labour. We can save a lot of foreign exchange, if we have our own technical experts. In short, Technical Education m akes a country Rich, prosperous, and Resourceful. But it has certain limitations also. Too much of technical education changes a man into machine, A mans specialized knowledge makes him unfit for other jobs. So we should have an element of liberal education in Technical Education.Nowadays Education is Lacking on the technical side.0ur schools and colleges produce men who are fit only to be clerks. Our young men run after office job. They dislike work in factories and hate to learn practical skills this is why unemployment is So widespread in the country. Poverty is cod to the neglect of technical education. Our country is rich in raw material resources. We cannot reap the advantages only because we are not equipped with any technical knowledge. In this respect we must take two steps. First, much and more technical institutions should be established. Secondly, the idea of Dignity of Labour should be popularized. We must always control in mind that progress is possible only through Technical Education.

Fire Hazards And Precautions

Fire Hazards And PrecautionsA first line support technician must be aw be of the potential risks in an environment that uses computers and their peripherals. The technician should as well be awargon of safe works practices. This includes non simply taking business of the human element within a workplace solely in any case the proper c be and handling of equipment.Health and synthetic rubber issues range from the straightforward, e.g. common sense placement of a single computer, to the complex, e.g. hundreds of computers and other devices that take aim to be interlocked together.Generally, computers atomic number 18 regarded as being safe devices that do non suddenly blow up or burst into flames. However, because all devices that use electrical energy lease a potential to become dangerous coupled with the rapid strides in technology that has made computers faster and to a greater extent than originatorful there atomic number 18 pieces within a computer system that keep get precise hot.In most instances, the safety devices built within the computer system should prove adequate, e.g. fuses and hitch surf but there may be scales when, due to unforeseen circumstances, a dispatch happens. In the case of a onset there are steps that canister be interpreted that depart derogate human injury and computer price.Fire Awareness TipsDue to the serious nature of antiaircraft gun and its forbiddengrowth it is vital that you are aware of what is best to do if you constitute a parent. Every workplace is licitly bound to provide its staff with details of fire exits, meeting points, and other guidelines close what to do in the progeny of a fire. It is the employees responsibility to familiarise themselves with this information.The resulting are a general list of advice that you should follow if you discover a fireYou should try to put a fire out only if you discover it in its early stages and you are completely confident that you can put it out. Be aware, however, that even a small fire can spread quickly and soon become out of control. You safety and your helpmate workers safety comes first.If you do decide to tackle the fire, make sure that if you cant control it that you can infrastood escape and that your exit is not blocked. Also be aware that fire extinguishers are only intentional to fight fires in their very early stages and that the extinguisher may not be adequate if the fire spreads and the room becomes filled with smoke or fumes.If you believe that the fire cannot be easily dealt with you should immediately make out off the nearest fire alarm by breaking the glass and then leave through the appropriate fire exit. The fire brigade should be contacted immediately.Fire Prevention TipsThere are legion(predicate) common sense approaches with regards to cutting down the risk of fire with relation to computer equipment, includingRegular cleanup position and maintenance of equipment, e.g. to cut down the build up of dust in a system.Taking care not to expose computer equipment to water or other possibly damaging liquids, e.g. refraining from placing potted plants that have to be watered on top of computing equipment.Making sure that ventilation ducts are decease and free from obstruction.Making sure that cables are not frayed or damaged in either way.Fire ExtinguishersIt is vital that first line support technicians have an awareness of the different causas of fire extinguishers that are available, the purpose of each and how to use them.The first thing to note regarding fire extinguishers is that they are only intentional to fight fire in its early stages. There are many types of fire extinguisher that are designed to suit different situations in which a fire may occur and it is important that the manufacture extinguisher is used for the type of fire being fought.Classes of FireDepending on the country you are in there are slightly different categorisations of fire, .e.g. USA and Euro pe. We will examine the European classifications.In Europe, fires can be divided into six classesClass A These are fires involving flammable solids, e.g. wood, cloth, rubber, paper, and some types of plastics. An example of this type of fire would be a campsite fire.Class B These are fires involving flammable liquids or liquifiable solids, e.g. petrol, oil, paint and also some waxes plastics, but not cooking fats or oils.Class C These are fires involving flammable gases, e.g. natural gas, hydrogen, propane, butane.Class D These are fires involving combustible metals, e.g. sodium, magnesium, and potassium.Class E These are fires involving any of the materials shew in Class A and B fires, but including electrical appliances, wiring, or other electrically energized objects in the vicinity of the fire, with a resultant electrical shock risk if a conductive performer is used to control the fire.Class F These are fires involving cooking fats and oils. The high temperature of these typ es of fats and oil when on fire far exceeds that of other flammable liquids which means that normal fire extinguishers should not be used.Extinguisher upkeepAl fire extinguishers should be level(p)ly run acrossed to make sure that they are fully running(a) and ready to use if required.In the UK, there are three types of maintenance requiredBasic service of process All extinguishers require this service annually and it includes checking pressure, weight and any other indication of damage.Extended dish up Water, wet chemical, foam and powder extinguishers have to be serviced every five years and the examination is more detailed than the basic service and includes a test discharge.Overhaul CO2 extinguishers require a perfect service every ten years.Each of the services includes the examiner signing and date stamping that the service has taken place.There are other items that can be used to fight fire much(prenominal) as fire blankets and hose reels but these are outside the remit of the course.Types of ExtinguisherWe will look at the following types of fire extinguisherWater and FoamCarbon Dioxide change and Wet chemical substance pulveriseWater and FoamWater extinguishers work by quickly removing the heat from the fire. Water extinguishers are only worthy for fighting Class A fires that involve materials such as wood, paper and textiles. Water should not be used to fight Class B fires because flammable liquids could be spread by the steamer from the water, neither should they be used for Class E electrical fires because water conducts electricity there is a risk of electrocution.Foam extinguishers work by quickly removing heat and group O from the fire. Foam extinguishers are suitable for Class A and Class B fires. They are especially suited for controlling Class B flammable liquid fires because the foam has a blanketing effect that smothers the flames without spreading the fire.Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide (CO2) extinguishers work by removing the oxygen element from the fire. Carbon Dioxide extinguishers are suitable for Class B and Class E fires, i.e. involving flammable liquids and electricity respectivelyCarbon dioxide extinguishers should not be used in confined spaces because they reduce the oxygen in the air. Also, do not hold the nozzle while using because this may lead to injuries such as cold burns because the CO2 is released at extremely low temperatures.Wet and Dry ChemicalWet chemical extinguishers work by removing the heat from the fire and by creating a barrier amid the terminate and oxygen. Wet chemical extinguishers are suitable for Class F fires, i.e. cooking oil and fats, which can reach extremely high temperatures.Dry chemical extinguishers work by removing the chemical reaction of the fire. Dry chemical extinguishers are suitable for Class A, Class B and Class C fires, i.e. involving flammable liquids and electricity respectivelyPowderPowder extinguishers work by removing the heat from the fire or by se parating the fuel and oxygen. Powder extinguishers are suitable for Class A, Class B and Class E fires.Fire Extinguishers projectionGo to this website and have a look through this resource on Fire Extinguishers. Have a go at the quiz at the end of it to see how much you have learned.Good Luck. chink on this link for a useful flash tutorial on fire extinguishers.Electrical HazardsAnything that uses electricity to work contains a risk that if it is faulty then it could lead to an electric shock. There are certain(p) devices that are considered more dangerous than others and users should be warned that trying to fix these would be best left to overlord electronic engineers, e.g. a computer monitor should not be on the fence(p)ed even after mains power has been switched off because a dangerous electrical charge remains.Computers and their associated peripheral, such as printers, scanners are powered from the mains and as such are a potential hazard. Therefore, the risk of electric sh ocks applies to all users and not just technicians who have the systems opened while they are working with them.Greater care must be exercised when a technician is working with an open system. It is advised that all of the equipment under repair or modification is disconnected from the mains supply during the unblemished process.Hazard ProtectionThere are different hardware devices that can be used to keep against human injury and damage to expensive equipment. These includeFusesCircuit BreakersResidual accepted DevicesThese devices are designed to carry out one or more of the followingReduce the risk of fireReduce the risk of electrical shockReduce the risk of equipment damageFusesFuses and lap covering surf are devices that nourish an electrical system from overload and short circuits. These devices are designed to protect equipment rather than users.These devices are current sensitive which are designed to cut power if the current rises above a predetermined limit.Fuses are a very common way of protecting equipment from power overloads and can be found in many places including the home. Any device, e.g. TV and Video, which connects to the mains, will have a fuse in the plug. If you open a fuse you would see a thin wire or foil which will modify quickly if an overload of current goes through it. The fuse must then be replaced in ordering for the device to work again.Circuit BreakersA circuit breaker is an electromechanical device that carries out a very similar job as a fuse. They are designed to make circuits under normal conditions and to break circuits in the event of an overload, .e.g. a short circuit.The key difference between a fuse and a circuit breaker is that once a fuse has performed it duty it needs to be replaced, whereas a circuit breaker can be reset.Modern electricity supplies use circuit breakers rather than fuses and these will be located at different locations in a building.In the event of a circuit breaker tripping and cutting powe r, then this will allow an engineer to check the equipment for any faults before the circuit breaker can be safely reset.Another advantage of circuit breakers is that they can be switched off manually to allow safe repair and maintenance.Residual Current Devices (RCD)This is a device for human safety rather than solely protecting computer equipment and its function is to background the possibly of injury through electric shock. An RCD works by detecting if electricity is leaking from a circuit and if so it breaks the circuit.Most RDCs are combined with a circuit breaker and so will protect equipment in the case of an overload.Typically, RCDs can be tested by pressing a testing get-up-and-go with should cause the device to operate as if a dangerous leakage had occurred. If the device operates properly, it can be used in a live environment and will perform its function. RCDs should be checked on a regular basis to make sure that they are still functioning properly.PAT Regulations ta ke-away Appliance Testing (PAT) is part of the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 legislation. This legislation places legal implications on employers to arrest the safety of electrical devices in the workplace and the person most likely to carry out this figure of testing the first line support technician.The portable refers to any electrical item that can be moved from one location to another and therefore includes PCs, printers, scanners and many other electrical objects that can be found in the workplace.There are three parts to PAT Visual inspection undercoat continuity test Insulation testPAT testing should be carried out a regular intervals, however, a common time frame is every 12 months.Electro Static net (ESD)Electro Static Discharge (ESD) can cause a lot of damage to electronic components, such as those found in computer systems, e.g. the processor and RAM.The amount of ESD required to destroy or damage a computer component would not register with a human and at mos t a person would feel a little shock.Many of the semiconductor chips (integrated circuits) and other components in a computer system operate at a low voltage and can be irreparably damaged by ESD2-5 volts and can be damaged by as little as 40 volts ESD.The causes of ESD includePeople moving about normallyEquipment being movedLow humidityPoor connectionsUnshielded cablesImproper groundingMinimising ESD steps should be taken to minimise ESD, particularly by technicians working with components that are most susceptible to damage by it. Example solutions could includeInstallation of humidifiers to cut down on low humidity conditions changing the work environment, e.g. removing carpetsTraining of staff to make them aware of the problemThe use of devices or equipment to minimise ESDAnti-Static Precautions and resort HazardsProbably the most common guard against ESD when working with computer components is an anti static wrist strap. This is a conductive strap that has a wire attached. Th e wire is typically attached to the computers casing or could be connected to a special plug inserted into an ordinary mains socket or to an anti static work mat.An choice to a wrist strap is an anti static heel strap which performs the same function but will be connected to a anti static floor mat.Warning an important safety issue when using an antistatic device is not to work on any equipment where there is a calamity of touching a live or high voltage component. The anti static device will form an excellent path for the electricity to flow to ground through your body, and that would be extremely dangerous.It is also important that when touching components, such as processors andLSZH Sheathing Cable ProtectionLow Smoke nothing Halogen is a special type of cable sheath used by manufactures for a variety of types of cable, including network cables. Unlike the normal PVC cable covering used that can produce toxic and vitriolic gases when it burns, this type of cable covering does not release dangerous gases when it burns.Many organisations structured cabling schemes require that several(prenominal) cables be run together. This can be extremely dangerous in the event of a fire because of the greater amount of PVC burning result in an increase in life labored fumes. Generally, when this is the case, organisations will choose to install LSZH cabling.